Type I IFN – A blunt spear in fighting HIV-1 infection

Highlights • HIV-1 components can effectively trigger an innate immune response through various Pattern Recognition Receptors. • IFN is produced early during HIV-1 infection, but this initial response is dampened by viral escape mechanisms. • Immune clearance is prevented and the virus replicates an...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Cytokine & growth factor reviews 2015-04, Vol.26 (2), p.143-158
Main Authors: Acchioni, Chiara, Marsili, Giulia, Perrotti, Edvige, Remoli, Anna Lisa, Sgarbanti, Marco, Battistini, Angela
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Advanced Basic Science
HIV-1
HIV-1 immune activation
Innate immune sensing
Interferon Regulatory Factors
Type I interferon
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Summary:Highlights • HIV-1 components can effectively trigger an innate immune response through various Pattern Recognition Receptors. • IFN is produced early during HIV-1 infection, but this initial response is dampened by viral escape mechanisms. • Immune clearance is prevented and the virus replicates and spreads, while establishing a persistent infection. • Prolonged and sustained stimulation of IFN during the chronic phase of infection drives chronic immune activation and inflammation. • Chronic immune activation and inflammation contribute to the immunopathogenesis of progressive HIV-1 disease.
ISSN:1359-6101
DOI:10.1016/j.cytogfr.2014.10.004