Simultaneous preconcentration of toxic elements in artificial saliva extract of smokeless tobacco product, mainpuri by cloud point extraction method

• Published in: Ecotoxicology and environmental safety 2013-06, Vol.92, p.289-296
• Main Authors: Arain, Sadaf Sadia, Kazi, Tasneem Gul, Arain, Jamshed Bashir, Afridi, Hassan Imran, Brahman, Kapil Dev, Shah, Faheem, Naeemullah, Arain, Salma, Panhwar, Abdul Haleem
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: acceptable daily intake; Adult; adults; Animal, plant and microbial ecology; Applied ecology; arsenic; Arsenic - analysis; Artificial saliva; atomic absorption spectrometry; Biological and medical sciences; cadmium; Cadmium - analysis; Cloud point extraction; Ecotoxicology, biological effects of pollution; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology; General aspects; Hazardous Substances - analysis; Hazardous Substances - toxicity; Humans; lead; Lead - analysis; leaves; Mainpuri; mastication; nickel; Nickel - analysis; saliva; Saliva, Artificial - chemistry; smokeless tobacco; Spectrophotometry, Atomic; Tobacco, Smokeless - analysis; Tobacco, Smokeless - toxicity; Toxic elements; toxic substances
• ISSN: 0147-6513; 1090-2414
• DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2013.03.001

It has been extensively investigated that smokeless tobacco chewing can lead mainly to inflammation of oral cavity. In present study, the total and artificial saliva extracted toxic elements, arsenic, cadmium, nickel and lead were estimated in smokeless tobacco product, mainpuri. Cloud point extraction has been used for the preconcentration of arsenic, cadmium, nickel and lead in artificial saliva extract, using complexing reagent, ammonium pyrrolidinedithiocarbamate. Total and extractable toxic elements were measured by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry. The chemical variables of cloud point extraction were optimized. The validity of methodology was tested by simultaneously analyzing certified reference material (Virginia tobacco leaves) and spike recovery test. The artificial saliva extractable levels of arsenic, cadmium, nickel and lead ranged from 15–22, 45–70, 35–58, and 18–32%, respectively, of total elemental contents in mainpuri samples. It was estimated that intake of 10g of different brands of mainpuri contributing the 5.88, 55.0, 45.0 and 40.3% of the provisional maximum tolerable daily intake for arsenic, cadmium, nickel and lead, respectively for adults of ~60kg. [Display omitted] •Lack of knowledge about toxic elements (TEs) in mainpuri need to investigate.•The total and artificial saliva extracted toxic elements in a SLT was accomplished.•The TEs in artificial saliva extract of mainpuri immediately available to consumers.•Long-term use of mainpuri generates free radicals which promotes the oral cancer.