Combination of grape extract-silver nanoparticles and liposomes: A totally green approach

• Published in: European journal of pharmaceutical sciences 2017-01, Vol.97, p.62-69
• Main Authors: Castangia, Ines, Marongiu, Francesca, Manca, Maria Letizia, Pompei, Raffaello, Angius, Fabrizio, Ardu, Andrea, Fadda, Anna Maria, Manconi, Maria, Ennas, Guido
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: 3T3 Cells; Animals; Cell Survival - drug effects; Cell Survival - physiology; Drug Combinations; Fibroblasts; Grapes pomace; Green Chemistry Technology - methods; Humans; Keratinocytes; Liposomes; Metal Nanoparticles - administration & dosage; Metal Nanoparticles - chemistry; Mice; Oxidative stress; Phospholipids vesicles; Plant Extracts - administration & dosage; Plant Extracts - chemistry; Plant Extracts - isolation & purification; Pseudomonas aeruginosa - drug effects; Pseudomonas aeruginosa - physiology; Silver Nitrate - administration & dosage; Silver Nitrate - chemistry; Staphylococcus aureus; Staphylococcus aureus - drug effects; Staphylococcus aureus - physiology; Vitis
• ISSN: 0928-0987; 1879-0720
• DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2016.11.006

In the present work, silver nanoparticles were prepared using a totally green procedure combining silver nitrate and an extract of grape pomace as a green source. Additionally, nanoparticles were stabilized using phospholipid and water and/or a mixture of water and propylene glycol (PG). To the best of our knowledge, grape-silver nanoparticle stabilized liposomes or PG-liposomes were formulated, for the first time, combining the residual products of wine-made industry, silver nitrate and phospholipids, avoiding the addition of hazardous substances to human health and the environment, in an easy, scalable and reproducible method. The structure and morphology of grape-silver nanoparticle stabilized vesicles were evaluated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), UV-vis spectroscopy and photon correlation spectroscopy. Samples were designed as possible carrier for skin protection because of their double function: the grape extract acts as antioxidant and the colloidal silver as antimicrobial agent, which might be helpful in eliminating dangerous free radicals and many pathogenic microorganisms. Obtained nanoparticles were small in size and their combination with phospholipids did not hamper the vesicle formation, which were multilamellar and sized ~100nm. TEM images shows a heterogeneous distribution of nanoparticles, which were located both in the intervesicular medium and in the vesicular structure. Further, grape-silver nanoparticles, when stabilized by liposomes, were able to inhibit the proliferation of both Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa and provided a great protection of keratinocytes and fibroblasts against oxidative stress avoiding their damage and death. [Display omitted]