Synthesis and biological evaluation of new prodrugs of etodolac and tolfenamic acid with reduced ulcerogenic potential

• Published in: European journal of pharmaceutical sciences 2019-12, Vol.140, p.105101, Article 105101
• Main Authors: Hassib, Sonia T., Hassan, Ghaneya S., El-Zaher, Asmaa A., Fouad, Marwa A., Abd El-Ghafar, Omnia A., Taha, Enas A.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Animals; Anti-inflammatory; Anti-Inflammatory Agents - chemical synthesis; Anti-Inflammatory Agents - pharmacology; Drug Design; Drug Stability; Edema - drug therapy; Etodolac; Etodolac - chemical synthesis; Etodolac - pharmacology; Female; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Hydrolysis; Kinetics; Liver - metabolism; Male; Molecular Structure; ortho-Aminobenzoates - chemical synthesis; ortho-Aminobenzoates - pharmacology; Plasma - metabolism; Prodrug; Prodrugs - chemical synthesis; Prodrugs - pharmacology; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Stomach Ulcer - chemically induced; Stomach Ulcer - prevention & control; Structure-Activity Relationship; Temperature; Thymol; Tolfenamic acid; Ulcerogenicity
• ISSN: 0928-0987; 1879-0720
• DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2019.105101

Gastric irritation and ulcerogenic effect of the acidic NSAIDs are of the most challenging problems in designing novel anti-inflammatory agents. In this study, the new prodrugs were prepared through Steglich esterification reaction between the carboxylic acid functional group of etodolac or tolfenamic acid and thymol. The structures were confirmed by IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, mass spectroscopy and elemental analysis. Their chemical stability in addition to a kinetic study of their hydrolysis in 20% liver homogenate and 10% buffered plasma were investigated. In vitro enzymatic hydrolysis showed half-life times 88.84 and 106.61 min for the prodrugs of etodolac and tolfenamic acid, respectively. Their ability to inhibit paw edema and their ulcerogenic potential were assessed in rats and compared to their parent drugs. the prodrugs were found to be stable in different pHs at room and body temperatures. Both prodrugs proved to possess high percentage of inhibition of paw edema (94.68 & 97.1%) in rats comparable to that of the parent drugs (90.33 & 93.23%) and, most importantly with lower ulcerogenic potential. The prodrugs are expected to be converted to their parent drugs rapidly in plasma and liver in vivo and proved to be safer than their parent drugs. The study opens a perspective chance that can be a backbone for further investigations. [Display omitted]