Assessing the benefits of domestic hot fill washing appliances

•We model washing appliance energy use with hot and cold fill connections.•26 appliances are monitored in situ at a 1min resolution for over 1 year.•Up to 57% of carbon emissions from washing appliance use can be cut with hot fill.•Using hot fill can help reduce system peaks in electricity demand.•H...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Published in:Energy and buildings 2015-04, Vol.93, p.282-294
Main Authors: Saker, D., Vahdati, M., Coker, P.J., Millward, S.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Dishwasher
Domestic hot water
Electricity consumption
Hot fill
Washing machine
Citations: Items that this one cites
Items that cite this one
Online Access:Get full text
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
Description
Summary:•We model washing appliance energy use with hot and cold fill connections.•26 appliances are monitored in situ at a 1min resolution for over 1 year.•Up to 57% of carbon emissions from washing appliance use can be cut with hot fill.•Using hot fill can help reduce system peaks in electricity demand.•Hot fill appliances are seen to improve the utilisation of solar thermal systems. Washing machine and dishwasher appliance use accounts for approximately 10% of electricity demand in EU households. The majority of this demand is due to the operation of electric heating elements inside appliances. This paper investigates the potential benefits that can be realised by adding a hot fill connection to washing appliances, with respect to carbon emissions, demand side management and renewable energy integration. Initial laboratory testing of new hot and cold fill appliances has resulted in modifications to optimise hot fill intake, and a novel numerical model presents a method of characterising appliance electricity use in different configurations. In order to validate model findings and test the use of new hot fill appliances in situ, a pilot study has recorded appliances’ resource consumption at one-minute resolution in fourteen households. The addition of hot fill reduced the total dishwasher and washing machine electricity consumption by 38% and 67% respectively. Depending on how hot water is supplied to appliances it is estimated that hot fill use results in an annual household carbon saving of up to 147kgCO2. Further to direct electricity reduction, hot fill appliances can offer a method of time shifting demand away from peak periods without inconveniencing occupants’ lifestyles.
ISSN:0378-7788
DOI:10.1016/j.enbuild.2015.02.027