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Solar ultraviolet radiation exposure among outdoor workers in Alberta, Canada
Outdoor workers are at risk of prolonged and high solar ultraviolet radiation (UVR) exposure, which is known to cause skin cancer. The objectives of this study were to characterize the UVR exposure levels of outdoor workers in Alberta, Canada, and to investigate what factors may contribute to their...
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Published in: | Environmental research 2020-10, Vol.189, p.109902, Article 109902 |
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description | Outdoor workers are at risk of prolonged and high solar ultraviolet radiation (UVR) exposure, which is known to cause skin cancer. The objectives of this study were to characterize the UVR exposure levels of outdoor workers in Alberta, Canada, and to investigate what factors may contribute to their exposure.
This study collected objective solar UVR measurements from outdoor workers primarily in Alberta during the summer of 2019. Workers were recruited via the management or health and safety teams from building trade unions and employers. Calibrated, electronic UVR dosimeters were worn by workers on their hardhats, wrists, or lapels for five working days. Data on workers’ demographics, jobs, sun protection behaviors, and personal risk factors were collected using questionnaires, and meteorological data for each sampling day were noted. Mean daily exposure measured as the standard erythemal dose (SED) was calculated and compared to the international occupational exposure limit guideline (1.3 SED). Marginal models were developed to evaluate potential determinants of occupational solar UVR exposure.
In total, 883 measurements were collected from 179 workers. On average, workerswere exposed to 1.93 SED (range: 0.03–16.63 SED) per day. Just under half of workers (45%) were exposed to levels exceeding the international exposure limit guideline. In the bivariate analyses, landscape and maintenance workers, as well as trade and recreation workers, had the highest levels of exposure (average: 2.64 and 1.84 SED, respectively). Regional variations were observed, with the “other” cities/regions (outside of Edmonton and Calgary) experiencing the highest average levels (2.60 SED). Workers who placed the dosimeters on their hardhats experienced higher levels compared to the other groups. Exposure was highest on sunny and mixed days. Education, trade, city, dosimeter placement, forecast, hair colour, and number of hours outside were included in the final exposure model, of which trade, dosimeter placement, forecast, and number of hours outside at work were statistically significant.
Exposure to elevated solar UVR levels is common among outdoor workers in Alberta. The study findings can help inform future monitoring studies and exposure reduction initiatives aimed at protecting workers.
•883 personal measurements were collected from 179 outdoor workers.•Workers were exposed to an average of 1.93 SED per day.•Landscape and maintenance workers were exposed to the highest leve |
doi_str_mv | 10.1016/j.envres.2020.109902 |
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This study collected objective solar UVR measurements from outdoor workers primarily in Alberta during the summer of 2019. Workers were recruited via the management or health and safety teams from building trade unions and employers. Calibrated, electronic UVR dosimeters were worn by workers on their hardhats, wrists, or lapels for five working days. Data on workers’ demographics, jobs, sun protection behaviors, and personal risk factors were collected using questionnaires, and meteorological data for each sampling day were noted. Mean daily exposure measured as the standard erythemal dose (SED) was calculated and compared to the international occupational exposure limit guideline (1.3 SED). Marginal models were developed to evaluate potential determinants of occupational solar UVR exposure.
In total, 883 measurements were collected from 179 workers. On average, workerswere exposed to 1.93 SED (range: 0.03–16.63 SED) per day. Just under half of workers (45%) were exposed to levels exceeding the international exposure limit guideline. In the bivariate analyses, landscape and maintenance workers, as well as trade and recreation workers, had the highest levels of exposure (average: 2.64 and 1.84 SED, respectively). Regional variations were observed, with the “other” cities/regions (outside of Edmonton and Calgary) experiencing the highest average levels (2.60 SED). Workers who placed the dosimeters on their hardhats experienced higher levels compared to the other groups. Exposure was highest on sunny and mixed days. Education, trade, city, dosimeter placement, forecast, hair colour, and number of hours outside were included in the final exposure model, of which trade, dosimeter placement, forecast, and number of hours outside at work were statistically significant.
Exposure to elevated solar UVR levels is common among outdoor workers in Alberta. The study findings can help inform future monitoring studies and exposure reduction initiatives aimed at protecting workers.
•883 personal measurements were collected from 179 outdoor workers.•Workers were exposed to an average of 1.93 SED per day.•Landscape and maintenance workers were exposed to the highest levels.•Job title, forecast, and time spent outside were key factors predicting UV exposure.•44% of workers exceeded the international occupational exposure limit guideline.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0013-9351</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1096-0953</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.109902</identifier><identifier>PMID: 32980002</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Netherlands: Elsevier Inc</publisher><subject>Alberta ; Humans ; Occupational cancer ; Occupational Exposure - analysis ; Occupations ; Outdoor workers ; Radiation ; Skin cancer ; Sun exposure ; Sunlight ; Surveillance ; Ultraviolet Rays - adverse effects</subject><ispartof>Environmental research, 2020-10, Vol.189, p.109902, Article 109902</ispartof><rights>2020 Elsevier Inc.</rights><rights>Copyright © 2020 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c329t-3d3206ba85dcad4232a443c6e5224703737b666df1beef2a3494b20f19026a7f3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c329t-3d3206ba85dcad4232a443c6e5224703737b666df1beef2a3494b20f19026a7f3</cites><orcidid>0000-0003-1202-5689 ; 0000-0002-5257-1732 ; 0000-0002-4521-2045 ; 0000-0003-3599-1679</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>314,777,781,27905,27906</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32980002$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Rydz, Ela</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Harper, Andrew</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Leong, Brandon</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Arrandale, Victoria H.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kalia, Sunil</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Forsman-Phillips, Lindsay</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Holness, Dorothy Linn</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tenkate, Thomas</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Peters, Cheryl E.</creatorcontrib><title>Solar ultraviolet radiation exposure among outdoor workers in Alberta, Canada</title><title>Environmental research</title><addtitle>Environ Res</addtitle><description>Outdoor workers are at risk of prolonged and high solar ultraviolet radiation (UVR) exposure, which is known to cause skin cancer. The objectives of this study were to characterize the UVR exposure levels of outdoor workers in Alberta, Canada, and to investigate what factors may contribute to their exposure.
This study collected objective solar UVR measurements from outdoor workers primarily in Alberta during the summer of 2019. Workers were recruited via the management or health and safety teams from building trade unions and employers. Calibrated, electronic UVR dosimeters were worn by workers on their hardhats, wrists, or lapels for five working days. Data on workers’ demographics, jobs, sun protection behaviors, and personal risk factors were collected using questionnaires, and meteorological data for each sampling day were noted. Mean daily exposure measured as the standard erythemal dose (SED) was calculated and compared to the international occupational exposure limit guideline (1.3 SED). Marginal models were developed to evaluate potential determinants of occupational solar UVR exposure.
In total, 883 measurements were collected from 179 workers. On average, workerswere exposed to 1.93 SED (range: 0.03–16.63 SED) per day. Just under half of workers (45%) were exposed to levels exceeding the international exposure limit guideline. In the bivariate analyses, landscape and maintenance workers, as well as trade and recreation workers, had the highest levels of exposure (average: 2.64 and 1.84 SED, respectively). Regional variations were observed, with the “other” cities/regions (outside of Edmonton and Calgary) experiencing the highest average levels (2.60 SED). Workers who placed the dosimeters on their hardhats experienced higher levels compared to the other groups. Exposure was highest on sunny and mixed days. Education, trade, city, dosimeter placement, forecast, hair colour, and number of hours outside were included in the final exposure model, of which trade, dosimeter placement, forecast, and number of hours outside at work were statistically significant.
Exposure to elevated solar UVR levels is common among outdoor workers in Alberta. The study findings can help inform future monitoring studies and exposure reduction initiatives aimed at protecting workers.
•883 personal measurements were collected from 179 outdoor workers.•Workers were exposed to an average of 1.93 SED per day.•Landscape and maintenance workers were exposed to the highest levels.•Job title, forecast, and time spent outside were key factors predicting UV exposure.•44% of workers exceeded the international occupational exposure limit guideline.</description><subject>Alberta</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Occupational cancer</subject><subject>Occupational Exposure - analysis</subject><subject>Occupations</subject><subject>Outdoor workers</subject><subject>Radiation</subject><subject>Skin cancer</subject><subject>Sun exposure</subject><subject>Sunlight</subject><subject>Surveillance</subject><subject>Ultraviolet Rays - adverse effects</subject><issn>0013-9351</issn><issn>1096-0953</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2020</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNp9kMtOwzAQRS0EoqXwBwj5A0jxI3GbDVJV8ZKKWABraxJPkEsaV-OkwN-TKsCS1Tw0d-7MYexciqkU0lytp9jsCONUCbVv5blQB2zcJyYReaYP2VgIqZNcZ3LETmJc96XMtDhmI63yuRBCjdnjc6iBeFe3BDsfamw5gfPQ-tBw_NyG2BFy2ITmjYeudSEQ_wj0jhS5b_iiLpBauORLaMDBKTuqoI549hMn7PX25mV5n6ye7h6Wi1VS9s5top1WwhQwz1wJLlVaQZrq0mCmVDoTeqZnhTHGVbJArBToNE8LJSrZv2hgVukJS4e9JYUYCSu7Jb8B-rJS2D0du7YDHbunYwc6vexikG27YoPuT_SLox-4HgawP37nkWwsPTYlOk9YttYF_7_DNwGueAI</recordid><startdate>202010</startdate><enddate>202010</enddate><creator>Rydz, Ela</creator><creator>Harper, Andrew</creator><creator>Leong, Brandon</creator><creator>Arrandale, Victoria H.</creator><creator>Kalia, Sunil</creator><creator>Forsman-Phillips, Lindsay</creator><creator>Holness, Dorothy Linn</creator><creator>Tenkate, Thomas</creator><creator>Peters, Cheryl E.</creator><general>Elsevier Inc</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1202-5689</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5257-1732</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4521-2045</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3599-1679</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>202010</creationdate><title>Solar ultraviolet radiation exposure among outdoor workers in Alberta, Canada</title><author>Rydz, Ela ; Harper, Andrew ; Leong, Brandon ; Arrandale, Victoria H. ; Kalia, Sunil ; Forsman-Phillips, Lindsay ; Holness, Dorothy Linn ; Tenkate, Thomas ; Peters, Cheryl E.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c329t-3d3206ba85dcad4232a443c6e5224703737b666df1beef2a3494b20f19026a7f3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2020</creationdate><topic>Alberta</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Occupational cancer</topic><topic>Occupational Exposure - analysis</topic><topic>Occupations</topic><topic>Outdoor workers</topic><topic>Radiation</topic><topic>Skin cancer</topic><topic>Sun exposure</topic><topic>Sunlight</topic><topic>Surveillance</topic><topic>Ultraviolet Rays - adverse effects</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Rydz, Ela</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Harper, Andrew</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Leong, Brandon</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Arrandale, Victoria H.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kalia, Sunil</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Forsman-Phillips, Lindsay</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Holness, Dorothy Linn</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tenkate, Thomas</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Peters, Cheryl E.</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><jtitle>Environmental research</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Rydz, Ela</au><au>Harper, Andrew</au><au>Leong, Brandon</au><au>Arrandale, Victoria H.</au><au>Kalia, Sunil</au><au>Forsman-Phillips, Lindsay</au><au>Holness, Dorothy Linn</au><au>Tenkate, Thomas</au><au>Peters, Cheryl E.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Solar ultraviolet radiation exposure among outdoor workers in Alberta, Canada</atitle><jtitle>Environmental research</jtitle><addtitle>Environ Res</addtitle><date>2020-10</date><risdate>2020</risdate><volume>189</volume><spage>109902</spage><pages>109902-</pages><artnum>109902</artnum><issn>0013-9351</issn><eissn>1096-0953</eissn><abstract>Outdoor workers are at risk of prolonged and high solar ultraviolet radiation (UVR) exposure, which is known to cause skin cancer. The objectives of this study were to characterize the UVR exposure levels of outdoor workers in Alberta, Canada, and to investigate what factors may contribute to their exposure.
This study collected objective solar UVR measurements from outdoor workers primarily in Alberta during the summer of 2019. Workers were recruited via the management or health and safety teams from building trade unions and employers. Calibrated, electronic UVR dosimeters were worn by workers on their hardhats, wrists, or lapels for five working days. Data on workers’ demographics, jobs, sun protection behaviors, and personal risk factors were collected using questionnaires, and meteorological data for each sampling day were noted. Mean daily exposure measured as the standard erythemal dose (SED) was calculated and compared to the international occupational exposure limit guideline (1.3 SED). Marginal models were developed to evaluate potential determinants of occupational solar UVR exposure.
In total, 883 measurements were collected from 179 workers. On average, workerswere exposed to 1.93 SED (range: 0.03–16.63 SED) per day. Just under half of workers (45%) were exposed to levels exceeding the international exposure limit guideline. In the bivariate analyses, landscape and maintenance workers, as well as trade and recreation workers, had the highest levels of exposure (average: 2.64 and 1.84 SED, respectively). Regional variations were observed, with the “other” cities/regions (outside of Edmonton and Calgary) experiencing the highest average levels (2.60 SED). Workers who placed the dosimeters on their hardhats experienced higher levels compared to the other groups. Exposure was highest on sunny and mixed days. Education, trade, city, dosimeter placement, forecast, hair colour, and number of hours outside were included in the final exposure model, of which trade, dosimeter placement, forecast, and number of hours outside at work were statistically significant.
Exposure to elevated solar UVR levels is common among outdoor workers in Alberta. The study findings can help inform future monitoring studies and exposure reduction initiatives aimed at protecting workers.
•883 personal measurements were collected from 179 outdoor workers.•Workers were exposed to an average of 1.93 SED per day.•Landscape and maintenance workers were exposed to the highest levels.•Job title, forecast, and time spent outside were key factors predicting UV exposure.•44% of workers exceeded the international occupational exposure limit guideline.</abstract><cop>Netherlands</cop><pub>Elsevier Inc</pub><pmid>32980002</pmid><doi>10.1016/j.envres.2020.109902</doi><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1202-5689</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5257-1732</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4521-2045</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3599-1679</orcidid></addata></record> |
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subjects | Alberta Humans Occupational cancer Occupational Exposure - analysis Occupations Outdoor workers Radiation Skin cancer Sun exposure Sunlight Surveillance Ultraviolet Rays - adverse effects |
title | Solar ultraviolet radiation exposure among outdoor workers in Alberta, Canada |
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