Lined rock caverns: A hydrogen storage solution

• Published in: Journal of energy storage 2024-04, Vol.84, p.110927, Article 110927
• Main Authors: Masoudi, Mohammad, Hassanpouryouzband, Aliakbar, Hellevang, Helge, Haszeldine, R. Stuart
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Geological Hydrogen Storage; Hydrogen Storage; Lined Rock Cavern; Rock Cavern's Lining System; Subsurface Energy Storage
• ISSN: 2352-152X; 2352-1538
• DOI: 10.1016/j.est.2024.110927

The inherent intermittency of renewable energy sources frequently leads to variable power outputs, challenging the reliability of our power supply. An evolving approach to mitigate these inconsistencies is the conversion of excess energy into hydrogen. Yet, the pursuit of safe and efficient hydrogen storage methods endures. In this perspective paper, we conduct a comprehensive evaluation of the potential of lined rock caverns (LRCs) for hydrogen storage. We provide a detailed exploration of all system components and their associated challenges. While LRCs have demonstrated effectiveness in storing various materials, their suitability for hydrogen storage remains a largely uncharted territory. Drawing from empirical data and practical applications, we delineate the unique challenges entailed in employing LRCs for hydrogen storage. Additionally, we identify promising avenues for advancement and underscore crucial research directions to unlock the full potential of LRCs in hydrogen storage applications. The foundational infrastructure and associated risks of large-scale hydrogen storage within LRCs necessitate thorough examination. This work not only highlights challenges but also prospects, with the aim of accelerating the realization of this innovative storage technology on a practical, field-scale level. The essential components of a lined rock cavern (LRC) system designed for hydrogen storage. The compressive and tensile forces from gas pressure lead to the opening and shearing of existing rock joints. The compressive loads are transferred and supported by the rock mass. The localized tangential strains on the other hand, may result in cracks in the concrete lining and inducing tangential strain in the steel lining. [Display omitted] •The key features and components of lined rock caverns (LRC) are discussed.•LRCs' potential as a large-scale hydrogen storage solution is evaluated.•The advantages, drawbacks, and challenges of using LRC technology is explored.•Previous experiences of LRC for energy storage is assessed.