Thermal analysis of packed bed thermal energy storage system with dimpled spherical capsules

• Published in: Journal of energy storage 2024-11, Vol.102, p.114170, Article 114170
• Main Authors: J.S., Yuvaaraj, R., Deepakkumar
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Dimpled spherical capsule; Packed-bed thermal energy storage system; Performance analysis; Thermal energy storage
• ISSN: 2352-152X
• DOI: 10.1016/j.est.2024.114170

The thermal storage potential of a packed bed filled with paraffin wax capsules was examined. Heat transfer fluid (HTF) at 70 °C inlet temperature for dimpled and plain stainless-steel capsules was compared for three different flow rates, 1 L/min, 3 L/min and 5 L/min. In general, dimpled spherical capsules sustain more heat than plain spherical capsules at the same flow rate, according to instantaneous and cumulative heat stored. Spherical capsules with dimples exhibited a 30 % improvement in charging rate compared to smooth spheres, particularly at elevated flow rates. Specifically, at a flow rate of 5 L/min, dimpled capsules achieved faster charging and sustained higher temperature compared to plain capsules. Higher flow rates (3 and 5 L/min) result in steeper temperature increases and an earlier peak temperature phase compared to the lower flow rate (1 L/min). Key dimensionless heat transfer numbers were examined. The Stefan number was found to be 0.1966 for an HTF inlet temperature of 70 °C and a latent heat of fusion (Lm) of 213 kJ/kg. Heat transfer increases when Reynolds numbers increased from laminar (123.8 at 1 L/min) to turbulent (619.1 at 5 L/min). Rayleigh number decreased over time but increased for dimpled capsules, indicating improved convection. Dimpled capsules had higher Nusselt numbers and increases with flow rate, indicating better convective heat transfer. Dimpled capsules absorbed heat faster and stored more energy, giving them a viable and efficient Packed Bed Latent Thermal Energy Storage system design. •Dimpled spherical capsules sustain more heat than plain spherical capsules for the same flow rate.•Dimpled spherical capsules exhibited a 30 % improvement in charging rate compared to plain spherical capsules.•The Stefan number was found to be 0.1966, which is higher than the range of 0.1179 to 0.1573 reported in previous studies.•Rayleigh number decreases over time but increases for dimpled spherical capsules, indicates improved convection.