Acute and sub-chronic oral toxicity studies of erythritol in Beagle dogs

• Published in: Food and chemical toxicology 2017-07, Vol.105, p.448-455
• Main Authors: Eapen, Alex K., de Cock, Peter, Crincoli, Christine M., Means, Charlotte, Wismer, Tina, Pappas, Christopher
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Animals; Biological Assay; Dogs; Erythritol - administration & dosage; Erythritol - toxicity; Sweetening Agents - administration & dosage; Sweetening Agents - toxicity; Xylitol - administration & dosage; Xylitol - toxicity
• ISSN: 0278-6915; 1873-6351
• DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2017.04.049

Polyols, also known as sugar alcohols, are widely used in the formulation of tooth-friendly and reduced-calorie foods. Considering the significant health benefits of polyols in products formulated for human use, there is increased interest in evaluating potential uses in companion animal applications. Erythritol and xylitol are two polyols which are currently widely used in products ranging from reduced-sugar foods to personal care and cosmetics. Published studies have shown that both of these compounds are well-tolerated in rodents. Their toxicity profiles differ when comparing canine safety data. Doses of xylitol as low as 0.15 g/kg-BW in dogs can result in life-threatening hypoglycemia and acute liver failure, whereas erythritol is well-tolerated in dogs with reported No Adverse Effect Levels upwards of 5 g/kg-BW/day in repeat-dose studies. While pivotal studies substantiating the safe use of erythritol in humans have been published, there are limited published studies to support the safe use of erythritol in dogs. Here we present the results of an acute oral and a sub-chronic oral toxicity study in Beagle dogs. Given the potential health benefits of oral products formulated with erythritol and the data presented herein substantiating the safe use in dogs, erythritol can be safely used in products for canines.