Assessing food allergy risks from residual peanut protein in highly refined vegetable oil

• Published in: Food and chemical toxicology 2017-08, Vol.106 (Pt A), p.306-313
• Main Authors: Blom, W. Marty, Kruizinga, Astrid G., Rubingh, Carina M., Remington, Ben C., Crevel, René W.R., Houben, Geert F.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Allergen risk assessment; Arachis - chemistry; Arachis - immunology; Food allergy; Food Contamination - analysis; Humans; Peanut Hypersensitivity - etiology; Peanut Hypersensitivity - immunology; Plant Oils - adverse effects; Plant Oils - analysis; Plant Proteins - analysis; Plant Proteins - immunology; Precautionary allergen labeling; Refined peanut oil; Refined vegetable oils; Risk Assessment; Unintended peanut protein
• ISSN: 0278-6915; 1873-6351
• DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2017.05.072

Refined vegetable oils including refined peanut oil are widely used in foods. Due to shared production processes, refined non-peanut vegetable oils can contain residual peanut proteins. We estimated the predicted number of allergic reactions to residual peanut proteins using probabilistic risk assessment applied to several scenarios involving food products made with vegetable oils. Variables considered were: a) the estimated production scale of refined peanut oil, b) estimated cross-contact between refined vegetable oils during production, c) the proportion of fat in representative food products and d) the peanut protein concentration in refined peanut oil. For all products examined the predicted risk of objective allergic reactions in peanut-allergic users of the food products was extremely low. The number of predicted reactions ranged depending on the model from a high of 3 per 1000 eating occasions (Weibull) to no reactions (LogNormal). Significantly, all reactions were predicted for allergen intakes well below the amounts reported for the most sensitive individual described in the clinical literature. We conclude that the health risk from cross-contact between vegetable oils and refined peanut oil is negligible. None of the food products would warrant precautionary labelling for peanut according to the VITAL® programme of the Allergen Bureau. [Display omitted] •We performed a quantitative assessment of the risk from cross-contact between refined peanut oil and vegetable oils.•The predicted number of allergic reactions from residual refined peanut oil in production of foods was extremely low.•All reactions were predicted for peanut protein doses well below the eliciting dose of known most sensitive individuals.•The health risk from cross-contact between vegetable oils and refined peanut oil is negligible.