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Assessment of microbial risk during Australian industrial practices for Escherichia coli O157:H7 in fresh cut-cos lettuce: A stochastic quantitative approach
Escherichia coli O157:H7 risk associated with the consumption of fresh cut-cos lettuce during Australian industrial practices was assessed. A probabilistic risk assessment model was developed and implemented in the @Risk software by using the Monte Carlo simulation technique with 1,000,000 iteration...
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| Published in: | Food microbiology 2021-05, Vol.95, p.103691, Article 103691 |
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| container_start_page | 103691 |
| container_title | Food microbiology |
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| creator | Bozkurt, Hayriye Bell, Tina van Ogtrop, Floris Phan-Thien, Kim-Yen McConchie, Robyn |
| description | Escherichia coli O157:H7 risk associated with the consumption of fresh cut-cos lettuce during Australian industrial practices was assessed. A probabilistic risk assessment model was developed and implemented in the @Risk software by using the Monte Carlo simulation technique with 1,000,000 iterations. Australian preharvest practices yielded predicted annual mean E. coli O157:H7 levels from 0.2 to −3.4 log CFU/g and prevalence values ranged from 2 to 6.4%. While exclusion of solar radiation from the baseline model yielded a significant increase in concentration of E. coli O157:H7 (−5.2 -log fold), drip irrigation usage, exclusion of manure amended soil and rainfall reduced E. coli O157:H7 levels by 7.4, 6.5, and 4.3-log fold, respectively. The microbial quality of irrigation water and irrigation type both had a significant effect on E. coli O157:H7 concentrations at harvest (p |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1016/j.fm.2020.103691 |
| format | article |
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•The usage of manure and quality of irrigation water were found to be very relevant on pathogen level.•E. coli O157:H7 levels over seasons influenced primarily by solar radiation and rainfall.•The implementation of GAP is an important mitigation strategy within growers’ control.•Postharvest washing, and temperature control were identified as important risk control steps.•Risk management strategies should be based on local data for reliable risk characterization.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0740-0020</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1095-9998</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2020.103691</identifier><identifier>PMID: 33397620</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>England: Elsevier Ltd</publisher><subject>Agricultural Irrigation ; Australia ; Colony Count, Microbial ; Escherichia coli O157 - genetics ; Escherichia coli O157 - growth & development ; Escherichia coli O157 - isolation & purification ; Food Contamination - analysis ; Fresh Water - microbiology ; Irrigation type ; Irrigation water ; Lactuca - growth & development ; Lactuca - microbiology ; Leafy greens ; Manure - microbiology ; Manure amended soil ; Plant Leaves - microbiology ; QMRA ; Season</subject><ispartof>Food microbiology, 2021-05, Vol.95, p.103691, Article 103691</ispartof><rights>2020 Elsevier Ltd</rights><rights>Copyright © 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c392t-d2bf1a02393728df8419d63aedbca36b6b55eccc2e00fa835e702ee8c4dff1563</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c392t-d2bf1a02393728df8419d63aedbca36b6b55eccc2e00fa835e702ee8c4dff1563</cites><orcidid>0000-0001-6688-8282 ; 0000-0003-3702-0614</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,27924,27925</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33397620$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Bozkurt, Hayriye</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bell, Tina</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>van Ogtrop, Floris</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Phan-Thien, Kim-Yen</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>McConchie, Robyn</creatorcontrib><title>Assessment of microbial risk during Australian industrial practices for Escherichia coli O157:H7 in fresh cut-cos lettuce: A stochastic quantitative approach</title><title>Food microbiology</title><addtitle>Food Microbiol</addtitle><description>Escherichia coli O157:H7 risk associated with the consumption of fresh cut-cos lettuce during Australian industrial practices was assessed. A probabilistic risk assessment model was developed and implemented in the @Risk software by using the Monte Carlo simulation technique with 1,000,000 iterations. Australian preharvest practices yielded predicted annual mean E. coli O157:H7 levels from 0.2 to −3.4 log CFU/g and prevalence values ranged from 2 to 6.4%. While exclusion of solar radiation from the baseline model yielded a significant increase in concentration of E. coli O157:H7 (−5.2 -log fold), drip irrigation usage, exclusion of manure amended soil and rainfall reduced E. coli O157:H7 levels by 7.4, 6.5, and 4.3-log fold, respectively. The microbial quality of irrigation water and irrigation type both had a significant effect on E. coli O157:H7 concentrations at harvest (p < 0.05). The probability of illness due to consumption of E. coli O157:H7 contaminated fresh cut-cos lettuce when water washing interventions were introduced into the processing module, was reduced by 1.4–2.7-log fold (p < 0.05). This study provides a robust basis for assessment of risk associated with E. coli O157:H7 contamination on fresh cut-cos lettuce for industrial practices and will assist the leafy green industry and food safety authorities in Australia to identify potential risk management strategies.
•The usage of manure and quality of irrigation water were found to be very relevant on pathogen level.•E. coli O157:H7 levels over seasons influenced primarily by solar radiation and rainfall.•The implementation of GAP is an important mitigation strategy within growers’ control.•Postharvest washing, and temperature control were identified as important risk control steps.•Risk management strategies should be based on local data for reliable risk characterization.</description><subject>Agricultural Irrigation</subject><subject>Australia</subject><subject>Colony Count, Microbial</subject><subject>Escherichia coli O157 - genetics</subject><subject>Escherichia coli O157 - growth & development</subject><subject>Escherichia coli O157 - isolation & purification</subject><subject>Food Contamination - analysis</subject><subject>Fresh Water - microbiology</subject><subject>Irrigation type</subject><subject>Irrigation water</subject><subject>Lactuca - growth & development</subject><subject>Lactuca - microbiology</subject><subject>Leafy greens</subject><subject>Manure - microbiology</subject><subject>Manure amended soil</subject><subject>Plant Leaves - microbiology</subject><subject>QMRA</subject><subject>Season</subject><issn>0740-0020</issn><issn>1095-9998</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2021</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNp1kMtuFDEQRS0EIpPAnhXyD_Tgx_TDsxtFCUGKlA2sLXe5THvoFy53JD6Gf6VbA-yyKl3VPVdVl7EPUuylkNWn8z4MeyXUJnVl5Cu2k8KUhTGmec12oj6IQqzrK3ZNdBZCylKbt-xKa23qSokd-30iQqIBx8ynwIcIaWqj63mK9IP7JcXxOz8tlJProxt5HP0mNsecHOQISDxMid8RdJgidNFxmPrIn2RZHx_qleAhIXUcllzARLzHnBfAIz9xyhN0jtYU_nNxY47Z5fiM3M1zmhx079ib4HrC93_nDft2f_f19qF4fPr85fb0WIA2KhdetUE6obTRtWp8aA7S-Eo79C04XbVVW5YIAAqFCK7RJdZCITZw8CHIstI3TFxy1--JEgY7pzi49MtKYbem7dmGwW5N20vTK_LxgsxLO6D_D_yrdjUcLwZcD3-OmCxBxBHQx4SQrZ_iy-l_AKtjkVw</recordid><startdate>202105</startdate><enddate>202105</enddate><creator>Bozkurt, Hayriye</creator><creator>Bell, Tina</creator><creator>van Ogtrop, Floris</creator><creator>Phan-Thien, Kim-Yen</creator><creator>McConchie, Robyn</creator><general>Elsevier Ltd</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6688-8282</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3702-0614</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>202105</creationdate><title>Assessment of microbial risk during Australian industrial practices for Escherichia coli O157:H7 in fresh cut-cos lettuce: A stochastic quantitative approach</title><author>Bozkurt, Hayriye ; Bell, Tina ; van Ogtrop, Floris ; Phan-Thien, Kim-Yen ; McConchie, Robyn</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c392t-d2bf1a02393728df8419d63aedbca36b6b55eccc2e00fa835e702ee8c4dff1563</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2021</creationdate><topic>Agricultural Irrigation</topic><topic>Australia</topic><topic>Colony Count, Microbial</topic><topic>Escherichia coli O157 - genetics</topic><topic>Escherichia coli O157 - growth & development</topic><topic>Escherichia coli O157 - isolation & purification</topic><topic>Food Contamination - analysis</topic><topic>Fresh Water - microbiology</topic><topic>Irrigation type</topic><topic>Irrigation water</topic><topic>Lactuca - growth & development</topic><topic>Lactuca - microbiology</topic><topic>Leafy greens</topic><topic>Manure - microbiology</topic><topic>Manure amended soil</topic><topic>Plant Leaves - microbiology</topic><topic>QMRA</topic><topic>Season</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Bozkurt, Hayriye</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bell, Tina</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>van Ogtrop, Floris</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Phan-Thien, Kim-Yen</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>McConchie, Robyn</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><jtitle>Food microbiology</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Bozkurt, Hayriye</au><au>Bell, Tina</au><au>van Ogtrop, Floris</au><au>Phan-Thien, Kim-Yen</au><au>McConchie, Robyn</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Assessment of microbial risk during Australian industrial practices for Escherichia coli O157:H7 in fresh cut-cos lettuce: A stochastic quantitative approach</atitle><jtitle>Food microbiology</jtitle><addtitle>Food Microbiol</addtitle><date>2021-05</date><risdate>2021</risdate><volume>95</volume><spage>103691</spage><pages>103691-</pages><artnum>103691</artnum><issn>0740-0020</issn><eissn>1095-9998</eissn><abstract>Escherichia coli O157:H7 risk associated with the consumption of fresh cut-cos lettuce during Australian industrial practices was assessed. A probabilistic risk assessment model was developed and implemented in the @Risk software by using the Monte Carlo simulation technique with 1,000,000 iterations. Australian preharvest practices yielded predicted annual mean E. coli O157:H7 levels from 0.2 to −3.4 log CFU/g and prevalence values ranged from 2 to 6.4%. While exclusion of solar radiation from the baseline model yielded a significant increase in concentration of E. coli O157:H7 (−5.2 -log fold), drip irrigation usage, exclusion of manure amended soil and rainfall reduced E. coli O157:H7 levels by 7.4, 6.5, and 4.3-log fold, respectively. The microbial quality of irrigation water and irrigation type both had a significant effect on E. coli O157:H7 concentrations at harvest (p < 0.05). The probability of illness due to consumption of E. coli O157:H7 contaminated fresh cut-cos lettuce when water washing interventions were introduced into the processing module, was reduced by 1.4–2.7-log fold (p < 0.05). This study provides a robust basis for assessment of risk associated with E. coli O157:H7 contamination on fresh cut-cos lettuce for industrial practices and will assist the leafy green industry and food safety authorities in Australia to identify potential risk management strategies.
•The usage of manure and quality of irrigation water were found to be very relevant on pathogen level.•E. coli O157:H7 levels over seasons influenced primarily by solar radiation and rainfall.•The implementation of GAP is an important mitigation strategy within growers’ control.•Postharvest washing, and temperature control were identified as important risk control steps.•Risk management strategies should be based on local data for reliable risk characterization.</abstract><cop>England</cop><pub>Elsevier Ltd</pub><pmid>33397620</pmid><doi>10.1016/j.fm.2020.103691</doi><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6688-8282</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3702-0614</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Agricultural Irrigation Australia Colony Count, Microbial Escherichia coli O157 - genetics Escherichia coli O157 - growth & development Escherichia coli O157 - isolation & purification Food Contamination - analysis Fresh Water - microbiology Irrigation type Irrigation water Lactuca - growth & development Lactuca - microbiology Leafy greens Manure - microbiology Manure amended soil Plant Leaves - microbiology QMRA Season |
| title | Assessment of microbial risk during Australian industrial practices for Escherichia coli O157:H7 in fresh cut-cos lettuce: A stochastic quantitative approach |
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