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Antihypertensive effects of orally administered eggplant (Solanum melongena) rich in acetylcholine on spontaneously hypertensive rats

•Oral eggplant administration induced acute and long term antihypertension in SHRs.•Eggplant was found to be rich in ACh.•ACh activated the M3mAChR, causing vasorelaxation comparable to a standard reagent.•Eggplant consumption lowered AD, NAD, and DA levels in the urine.•ACh may be the major antihyp...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Food chemistry 2019-03, Vol.276, p.376-382
Main Authors: Yamaguchi, Shohei, Matsumoto, Kento, Koyama, Masahiro, Tian, Su, Watanabe, Masanori, Takahashi, Akihiko, Miyatake, Koji, Nakamura, Kozo
Format: Article
Language:English
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Summary:•Oral eggplant administration induced acute and long term antihypertension in SHRs.•Eggplant was found to be rich in ACh.•ACh activated the M3mAChR, causing vasorelaxation comparable to a standard reagent.•Eggplant consumption lowered AD, NAD, and DA levels in the urine.•ACh may be the major antihypertensive component in eggplants. Our previous results (Nakamura et al., 2013, 2016) indicated that acetylcholine (ACh) in orally administered foods exerts antihypertensive effects. Eggplants (Solanum melongena) contain abundant ACh (Horiuchi et al., 2003), and their food functionality was discovered, using spontaneously hypertensive rats, by measuring blood pressure after oral administration of a suspension of lyophilized eggplant powder. We found that lyophilized eggplant powder induced significantly lowered acute and chronic blood pressure levels at very low doses of 0.0650 mg/kg body weight (b.w.) and 0.821 mg/(kg b.w.·day), respectively. Chronic administration suppressed adrenaline and noradrenaline excretion in the urine, and aorta assays showed that eggplant acted on the M3 muscarinic ACh receptor (M3 mAChR). ACh was conclusively shown to function as the main component of eggplant contributing to antihypertensive activity by suppressing sympathetic nervous activity via M3 mAChR. This report reveals a new food functionality of eggplant and its potential as a novel antihypertensive food.
ISSN:0308-8146
1873-7072
DOI:10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.10.017