Climatic and social factors behind the Spanish Mediterranean flood event chronologies from documentary sources (14th–20th centuries)

• Published in: Global and planetary change 2019-11, Vol.182, p.102997, Article 102997
• Main Authors: Barriendos, Mariano, Gil-Guirado, Salvador, Pino, David, Tuset, Jordi, Pérez-Morales, Alfredo, Alberola, Armando, Costa, Joan, Balasch, Josep Carles, Castelltort, Xavier, Mazón, Jordi, Ruiz-Bellet, Josep Lluis
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Climatic variability; Documentary sources; Floods; Little ice age; Vulnerability; Western Mediterranean Basin
• ISSN: 0921-8181; 1872-6364
• DOI: 10.1016/j.gloplacha.2019.102997

The Spanish Mediterranean river basin provides a good background for studying floods from documentary and bibliographical sources within the specialty of historical climatology. This study region's long history of human occupation and climatic conditions together determine a high risk of flooding. As a result, there exists an enormous amount of documentary heritage containing flood information. However, the heterogeneity of documentary sources and different approaches to classifying floods through historical documents can generate some biases and uncertainties about the quantity and quality of the available data. For this reason, this paper proposes a methodology for reconstructing historical floods based on cross-referencing documentary sources. This approach, together with additional archival work, has allowed us to increase the number of flood series for the Spanish Mediterranean coast by 17% and has generated a surprising increase of 233% in the number of flood cases detected. The data obtained have allowed us to analyze the variability of floods and their relationship with climatic and social factors from the fourteenth century to the present. Different climatic oscillations related to the Little Ice Age are detected between the 14th and 19th centuries. Additionally, we detected a strong influence of the defense infrastructures and urban growth, which explain the recent flood trends. However, the difficulty in analyzing the influence of social factors on long-term flood behavior invites us to reflect on the need for further work for emphasizing these issues. •The study of floods from documentary and bibliographical sources has a good background in Spanish rivers of Western Mediterranean Basin.•Climatic context of Western Mediterranean Basin is complex and diverse Historical documentary sources provide consistent and reliable information.•MEDIFLOOD Spanish project have improved the available information using new cataloging and classifying methodologies.•Results of this new methodological approach offer 27 flood series and 2647 flood cases for Spanish Mediterranean Basin.•Different oscillations are detected between 14th and 19th centuries, related to Little Ice Age and social factors.