Tinnitus as a plastic phenomenon and its possible neural underpinnings in the dorsal cochlear nucleus

• Published in: Hearing research 2005-08, Vol.206 (1), p.200-226
• Main Authors: Kaltenbach, James A., Zhang, Jinsheng, Finlayson, Paul
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Biological and medical sciences; Cochlear Nerve - injuries; Cochlear Nucleus - physiopathology; Deafferentation; Diseases of the ear; Dorsal cochlear nucleus; Ear, auditive nerve, cochleovestibular tract, facial nerve: diseases, semeiology; Ent and stomatology; Hair Cells, Auditory - physiopathology; Hearing Loss - complications; Humans; Mechanisms; Medical sciences; Neural correlates of tinnitus; Neuronal Plasticity - physiology; Noise - adverse effects; Non tumoral diseases; Otoacoustic Emissions, Spontaneous; Otorhinolaryngology. Stomatology; Plasticity; Radiotherapy. Instrumental treatment. Physiotherapy. Reeducation. Rehabilitation, orthophony, crenotherapy. Diet therapy and various other treatments (general aspects); Tinnitus; Tinnitus - etiology; Tinnitus - physiopathology; Tinnitus generation; Tinnitus mechanisms; Tinnitus modulation
• ISSN: 0378-5955; 1878-5891
• DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2005.02.013

Tinnitus displays many features suggestive of plastic changes in the nervous system. These can be categorized based on the types of manipulations that induce them. We have categorized the various forms of plasticity that characterize tinnitus and searched for their neural underpinnings in the dorsal cochlear nucleus (DCN). This structure has been implicated as a possible site for the generation of tinnitus-producing signals owing to its tendency to become hyperactive following exposure to tinnitus inducing agents such as intense sound and cisplatin. In this paper, we review the many forms of plasticity that have been uncovered in anatomical, physiological and neurochemical studies of the DCN. Some of these plastic changes have been observed as consequences of peripheral injury or as fluctuations in the behavior and chemical activities of DCN neurons, while others can be induced by stimulation of auditory or even non-auditory structures. We show that many parallels can be drawn between the various forms of plasticity displayed by tinnitus and the various forms of neural plasticity which have been defined in the DCN. These parallels lend further support to the hypothesis that the DCN is an important site for the generation and modulation of tinnitus-producing signals.