Genotypic and Phenotypic Characteristics of Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia Translocation Variants

Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) is a special disease entity of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). The clinical use of all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) has transformed APL into the most curable form of AML. The majority of APL cases are characterized by the fusion gene PML-RARA. Although the PML-RARA fus...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Hematology/oncology and stem cell therapy 2020-12, Vol.13 (4), p.189-201
Main Authors: Mannan, Abdul, Muhsen, Ibrahim N., Barragán, Eva, Sanz, Miguel A., Mohty, Mohamad, Hashmi, Shahrukh K., Aljurf, Mahmoud
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Acute promyelocytic leukemia
Chimeric proteins
Fusion genes
Genotype
Humans
Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute - classification
Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute - genetics
Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute - metabolism
Neoplasm Proteins - genetics
Neoplasm Proteins - metabolism
RARA
Translocation, Genetic
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Summary:Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) is a special disease entity of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). The clinical use of all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) has transformed APL into the most curable form of AML. The majority of APL cases are characterized by the fusion gene PML-RARA. Although the PML-RARA fusion gene can be detected in almost all APL cases, translocation variants of APL have been reported. To date, this is the most comprehensive review of these translocations, discussing 15 different variants. Reviewed genes involved in APL variants include: ZBTB16, NPM, NuMA, STAT5b, PRKAR1A, FIP1L1, BCOR, NABP1, TBLR1, GTF2I, IRF2BP2, FNDC3B, ADAMDTS17, STAT3, and TFG. The genotypic and phenotypic features of APL translocations are summarized. All reported studies were either case reports or case series indicating the rarity of these entities and limiting the ability to drive conclusions regarding their characteristics. However, reported variants have shown variable clinical and morphological features, with diverse responsiveness to ATRA.
ISSN:1658-3876
DOI:10.1016/j.hemonc.2020.05.007