Combination of palladium and oleic acid coated-magnetite particles: Characterization and using in Heck coupling reaction with magnetic recyclability

• Published in: Inorganica Chimica Acta 2014-01, Vol.409, p.302-309
• Main Authors: Rafiee, Ezzat, Ataei, Ali, Nadri, Shirin, Joshaghani, Mohammad, Eavani, Sara
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: C–C coupling reaction; Heck reaction; Heterogeneous catalyst; Magnetite iron oxide; Oleic acid; Palladium
• ISSN: 0020-1693; 1873-3255
• DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2013.09.042

Oleic acid-coated palladium-immobilized Fe3O4 catalyst was synthesized and used in the Heck coupling reactions with high yield, magnetic recyclability and low Pd leaching. •Palladium-immobilized oleic acid-coated Fe3O4 was prepared and characterized.•Magnetically separable nano catalyst was found to be effective in Heck reaction.•Palladium leaching was found negligible. The magnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles were prepared by co-precipitation method and coated with oleic acid. The oleic acid coated Fe3O4 (Fe@OA) particles were used for the immobilization of palladium particles to produce Fe@OA–Pd. Catalyst was characterized by FTIR, XRD, SEM, TEM, VSM, elemental analysis and laser particle size analyzer. The catalytic behavior of Fe@OA–Pd nano particles was measured by the Heck coupling reaction of the various aryl halides (Ar–Br, Ar–Cl) with styrene. With respect to the electron-rich, electron-neutral, and electron-poor aryl halide, they reacted with styrene smoothly to provide the corresponding arylated olefins products in high to excellent yields in most cases. The magnetic catalyst was reused without loss of its high catalytic activity and low Pd leaching after four cycles. Metal leaching of the catalyst was further investigated by ICP-AES and AAS.