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How might a planet between Mars and Jupiter influence the inner solar system? effects on orbital motion, obliquity, and eccentricity
As implied by exoplanet population censuses, super-Earths are extremely common in the galaxy. In the solar system, models suggest that the formation of an Earth-to-super-Earth mass planet could have readily occurred in the inner regions (
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| Published in: | Icarus (New York, N.Y. 1962) N.Y. 1962), 2025-01, Vol.426, p.116364, Article 116364 |
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| Language: | English |
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| cites | cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c185t-464dc2ebb34f662cdf45768ca17ac14c2af266a664f323b2f8c7356bfc76483e3 |
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| container_start_page | 116364 |
| container_title | Icarus (New York, N.Y. 1962) |
| container_volume | 426 |
| creator | Simpson, Emily Chen, Howard |
| description | As implied by exoplanet population censuses, super-Earths are extremely common in the galaxy. In the solar system, models suggest that the formation of an Earth-to-super-Earth mass planet could have readily occurred in the inner regions ( |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1016/j.icarus.2024.116364 |
| format | article |
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•We simulate the gravitational effects of a planet between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter.•We determine the orbital evolution of the inner terrestrial planets including Venus, Earth, and Mars.•Excitation of the orbits of all three planets including their obliquity and eccentricity is seen in our simulations.•The degree of such excitation depends on the location, mass, and orbital parameters assumed for this additional planet in the solar system.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0019-1035</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/j.icarus.2024.116364</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Elsevier Inc</publisher><subject>Atmospheres — planets and satellites ; Planets and satellites ; Terrestrial planets</subject><ispartof>Icarus (New York, N.Y. 1962), 2025-01, Vol.426, p.116364, Article 116364</ispartof><rights>2024 Elsevier Inc.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c185t-464dc2ebb34f662cdf45768ca17ac14c2af266a664f323b2f8c7356bfc76483e3</cites><orcidid>0009-0003-2243-7377 ; 0000-0003-1995-1351</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,27922,27923</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>Simpson, Emily</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chen, Howard</creatorcontrib><title>How might a planet between Mars and Jupiter influence the inner solar system? effects on orbital motion, obliquity, and eccentricity</title><title>Icarus (New York, N.Y. 1962)</title><description>As implied by exoplanet population censuses, super-Earths are extremely common in the galaxy. In the solar system, models suggest that the formation of an Earth-to-super-Earth mass planet could have readily occurred in the inner regions (<3 AU) if such body is able to survive the early intense and chaotic intertaction episodes of the Jovian worlds with the rest of the solar system. In this study, we test the consequences of such a hypothesis using a three-dimensional (3D) N-Rigid-Body integrator. With a 3D model in which the planet is modeled as a rigid body to account for its finite size and rotation, we simulate the orbital evolution of the three inner terrestrial planets over 2 Myr periods. Our results show that an additional super-Earth sized planet between 2 and 3.5 AU would have (i) destabilized Earth’s orbit over timescales of 1-2 Myrs, (ii) increased Mars’s obliquity by ∼55°, and (iii) perturbed the eccentricity of Venus by up to e∼0.4. Our study explores an “alternate fate” of the terrestrial planets and our results suggest that the formation of a super-Earth in the inner solar system would have exerted grave consequences for the orbital dynamics and habitability of the terrestrial planets.
•We simulate the gravitational effects of a planet between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter.•We determine the orbital evolution of the inner terrestrial planets including Venus, Earth, and Mars.•Excitation of the orbits of all three planets including their obliquity and eccentricity is seen in our simulations.•The degree of such excitation depends on the location, mass, and orbital parameters assumed for this additional planet in the solar system.</description><subject>Atmospheres — planets and satellites</subject><subject>Planets and satellites</subject><subject>Terrestrial planets</subject><issn>0019-1035</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2025</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNp9kM1OwzAQhHMAiVJ4Aw5-gCb4L056AaEKKKiIC5wtx1lTV4ldbJeqdx6clHDmsqsdaUY7X5ZdEVwQTMT1prBahV0sKKa8IEQwwU-yCcZknhPMyrPsPMYNxris52ySfS_9HvX2Y52QQttOOUiogbQHcOhFhYiUa9HzbmsTBGSd6XbgNKC0huFygxZ9p4Z5iAn6WwTGgE4ReYd8aGxSHep9st7NkG86-7mz6TD7zQStwaVg9aBcZKdGdREu__Y0e3-4f1ss89Xr49PibpVrUpcp54K3mkLTMG6EoLo1vKxErRWplCZcU2WoEEoIbhhlDTW1rlgpGqMrwWsGbJrxMVcHH2MAI7fB9iocJMHySE9u5EhPHunJkd5guxltMPz2ZSHIqO0RQ2vD0Fa23v4f8AOmUH9K</recordid><startdate>20250115</startdate><enddate>20250115</enddate><creator>Simpson, Emily</creator><creator>Chen, Howard</creator><general>Elsevier Inc</general><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0009-0003-2243-7377</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1995-1351</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20250115</creationdate><title>How might a planet between Mars and Jupiter influence the inner solar system? effects on orbital motion, obliquity, and eccentricity</title><author>Simpson, Emily ; Chen, Howard</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c185t-464dc2ebb34f662cdf45768ca17ac14c2af266a664f323b2f8c7356bfc76483e3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2025</creationdate><topic>Atmospheres — planets and satellites</topic><topic>Planets and satellites</topic><topic>Terrestrial planets</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Simpson, Emily</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chen, Howard</creatorcontrib><collection>CrossRef</collection><jtitle>Icarus (New York, N.Y. 1962)</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Simpson, Emily</au><au>Chen, Howard</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>How might a planet between Mars and Jupiter influence the inner solar system? effects on orbital motion, obliquity, and eccentricity</atitle><jtitle>Icarus (New York, N.Y. 1962)</jtitle><date>2025-01-15</date><risdate>2025</risdate><volume>426</volume><spage>116364</spage><pages>116364-</pages><artnum>116364</artnum><issn>0019-1035</issn><abstract>As implied by exoplanet population censuses, super-Earths are extremely common in the galaxy. In the solar system, models suggest that the formation of an Earth-to-super-Earth mass planet could have readily occurred in the inner regions (<3 AU) if such body is able to survive the early intense and chaotic intertaction episodes of the Jovian worlds with the rest of the solar system. In this study, we test the consequences of such a hypothesis using a three-dimensional (3D) N-Rigid-Body integrator. With a 3D model in which the planet is modeled as a rigid body to account for its finite size and rotation, we simulate the orbital evolution of the three inner terrestrial planets over 2 Myr periods. Our results show that an additional super-Earth sized planet between 2 and 3.5 AU would have (i) destabilized Earth’s orbit over timescales of 1-2 Myrs, (ii) increased Mars’s obliquity by ∼55°, and (iii) perturbed the eccentricity of Venus by up to e∼0.4. Our study explores an “alternate fate” of the terrestrial planets and our results suggest that the formation of a super-Earth in the inner solar system would have exerted grave consequences for the orbital dynamics and habitability of the terrestrial planets.
•We simulate the gravitational effects of a planet between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter.•We determine the orbital evolution of the inner terrestrial planets including Venus, Earth, and Mars.•Excitation of the orbits of all three planets including their obliquity and eccentricity is seen in our simulations.•The degree of such excitation depends on the location, mass, and orbital parameters assumed for this additional planet in the solar system.</abstract><pub>Elsevier Inc</pub><doi>10.1016/j.icarus.2024.116364</doi><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0009-0003-2243-7377</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1995-1351</orcidid></addata></record> |
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| ispartof | Icarus (New York, N.Y. 1962), 2025-01, Vol.426, p.116364, Article 116364 |
| issn | 0019-1035 |
| language | eng |
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| source | Elsevier:Jisc Collections:Elsevier Read and Publish Agreement 2022-2024:Freedom Collection (Reading list) |
| subjects | Atmospheres — planets and satellites Planets and satellites Terrestrial planets |
| title | How might a planet between Mars and Jupiter influence the inner solar system? effects on orbital motion, obliquity, and eccentricity |
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