Linear and quadratic convection on 3D flow with transpiration and hybrid nanoparticles

• Published in: International communications in heat and mass transfer 2022-05, Vol.134, p.105995, Article 105995
• Main Authors: Kumar, M. Dinesh, Raju, C.S.K., Sajjan, Kiran, El-Zahar, Essam R., Shah, Nehad Ali
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Aluminum oxide (Al2O3); Boussinesq approximation (nonlinear) and buoyancy force; Carbon nanotubes (CNTs); Cylindrical; Graphene (GNP); Roseland quadratic thermal radiation; Spherical and platelet hybrid nanofluids; Three-dimensional flow
• ISSN: 0735-1933; 1879-0178
• DOI: 10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2022.105995

Hybrid modeling is a term that has recently been used to describe the mixture of liquids. Hybrid models are important in a variety of systems, including medical treatments, manufacturing, experimental instrument design, aerosol particle processing, and naval academies, among others. With the presence of the Buoyancy force and Boussinesq second-order thermal variation, the nonlinear, linear, and quadratic Roseland approximations on three-dimensional flow characteristics were considered. In addition, ternary solid nanoparticles of various shapes and densities were included. With appropriate transformation, the resulting ruling partial differential system is changed into a governing ordinary differential system, and a solution with three mixture compositions is supplied (Case-I, Case-II and Case-III). CNTs (Spherical), GNT (Cylindrical), and Al2O3(Platelet) with water as a base fluid at 0 °C, Case-II mixture of CNT (Spherical), GNT (Cylindrical), and Al2O3(Platelet) with water as a base fluid at 10 °C, and Case-III mixture of CNTs (Spherical), GNP (Cylindrical) and Al2O3 (Platelet) with water as a base fluid at 50 °C, there are numerous variations in three mixing compositions as follows as well as the flow's linear, quadratic, and nonlinear thermal radiation situations. In comparison to Case-I and Case-III ternary combinations, the temperature distribution in Case-II ternary mixtures is wider. Case-2 CNTs (Spherical), GNP (Cylindrical), and Al2O3 (Platelet) with water as a base fluid at 10 °C has a higher conductivity than Case-1 CNTs (Spherical), GNP (Cylindrical), and Al2O3 (Platelet) with water at 0 °C, and Case-3 CNTs (Spherical), GNP (Cylindrical), and Al2O3 (Platelet) With water as a base fluid at 50 °C. The skin friction coefficient is more in case-1 compared to case-2 and case-3.