Effect of hydrofluoric acid concentration and etching time on the adhesive and mechanical behavior of glass-ceramics: A systematic review and meta-analysis

The process prior to cementing a glass ceramic requires that the surface be etched with hydrofluoric acid in order to improve its adhesion. HF acid concentration and conditioning time can influence the shape and size of the micro retentions created on the ceramic surface, and consequently both refle...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:International journal of adhesion and adhesives 2023-01, Vol.121, p.103303, Article 103303
Main Authors: Riesgo, Bibiana Vogel Peres, Rodrigues, Camila da Silva, Nascimento, Luiza Pereira do, May, Liliana Gressler
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Ceramic. surface treatment. adhesion. fatigue. strength
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Summary:The process prior to cementing a glass ceramic requires that the surface be etched with hydrofluoric acid in order to improve its adhesion. HF acid concentration and conditioning time can influence the shape and size of the micro retentions created on the ceramic surface, and consequently both reflect on the bond strength to the cementing agent and on the mechanical behavior of the material. This study systematically reviewed the literature to compare the effect of alternative vs. manufacturer-recommended hydrofluoric (HF) acid etching time and concentrations on the adhesive and mechanical behavior of feldspathic (FEL), leucite-reinforced (LEU), lithium disilicate (LD), and lithium silicate (LS) glass-ceramics. Searches were performed in the PubMed/Medline, Scopus, LILACS, and Web of Science databases. The search strategy was independently carried out in two steps (title and abstract reading, and full-text reading) by two reviewers. The in vitro studies had to include at least one manufacturer-recommended protocol group (comparison) and one alternative HF acid concentration or etching time (intervention). Meta-analyses were carried out separately for each ceramic (FEL/LEU or LD/LS), outcome (bond or flexural strength), test condition (baseline or after aging), and analyzed factor (HF acid etching time or concentration). A total of 86 from 3375 relevant studies were selected for full-text analysis, 28 were included for qualitative synthesis, from which 20 were used in the meta-analysis. Baseline and aging meta-analyses for bond strength of FEL/LEU showed no significant effect of HF concentration and no significant effect of HF etching time (at baseline). Meta-analyses showed that
ISSN:0143-7496
1879-0127
DOI:10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2022.103303