Virtual power plant architecture using OpenADR 2.0b for dynamic charging of automated guided vehicles

•Research is based on real experimental environment using VPP for providing flexibility.•Ancillary services provided by dynamic charging of automated guided vehicles’ battery stacks.•OpenADR 2.0b communication performance analysis of selected QoS parameters.•Communication traffic analysis and modell...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:International journal of electrical power & energy systems 2019-01, Vol.104, p.370-382
Main Authors: Kolenc, Mitja, Ihle, Norman, Gutschi, Christoph, Nemček, Peter, Breitkreuz, Thomas, Gödderz, Karlheinz, Suljanović, Nermin, Zajc, Matej
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Ancillary services
Behavioural model
Communication protocols
Communication systems
Distributed energy resources
Smart grid
Virtual power plant
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Summary:•Research is based on real experimental environment using VPP for providing flexibility.•Ancillary services provided by dynamic charging of automated guided vehicles’ battery stacks.•OpenADR 2.0b communication performance analysis of selected QoS parameters.•Communication traffic analysis and modelling founded on four-week measurement data.•Investigation of latency and DER ramp-up dynamics influence on the VPP service delivery. This paper investigates a virtual power plant (VPP) using the OpenADR 2.0b communication protocol to securely and reliably operate distributed energy resources (DERs) over public Internet infrastructure, providing ancillary services to the transmission system operator (TSO). VPP performance analysis was based on an experimental setup as well as a dynamic behavioural model and numerical simulations. The experimental setup consisted of battery stacks from automated guided vehicles at a harbour container terminal. Within this experimental study, we analysed data exchange utilising the OpenADR protocol over a four-week period between the VPP in Slovenia and the terminal management system in Germany by assessing the selected quality of service parameters – latency (round-trip time), packet loss, retransmissions, bandwidth, amount of traffic and message patterns. The impact of latency on performance of the VPP aggregating battery stacks with other DER types was investigated using numerical simulations. Load profiles for the selected DERs and communication channel models were derived from field measurements.
ISSN:0142-0615
1879-3517
DOI:10.1016/j.ijepes.2018.07.032