Recent progresses in H2NG blends use downstream Power-to-Gas policies application: An overview over the last decade

• Published in: International journal of hydrogen energy 2024-01, Vol.51, p.424-453
• Main Authors: Lo Basso, Gianluigi, Pastore, Lorenzo Mario, Sgaramella, Antonio, Mojtahed, Ali, de Santoli, Livio
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Decarbonisation; Hydrogen end uses; Hydrogen enriched natural gas; Hydrogen mixtures; Natural gas grid; Power-to-Gas
• ISSN: 0360-3199; 1879-3487
• DOI: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2023.06.141

This paper attempts to give a broad overview on technologies progress status, effects, perspectives, and issues associated to H2NG widespread applications. It deepens and completes the content of previous reviews by including hitherto unreviewed aspects as far as possible. To do so, a holistic approach has been used by surveying technical, energy, environmental, economic and safety issues related to the hydrogen mixtures’ use. This review aims to provide support for a broader understanding of the problem, starting from the simple list of mixtures properties up to their impact on both NG pipelines and end-use devices. Hydrogen injection affects several blend characteristics and gas network parameters. Mixing limits are also related to Wobbe index variations and safety aspects due to the flashback risk. Numerous works have shown that hydrogen fractions of 10% allow parameters to be kept within acceptable ranges, and up to 20% are not related to significant risks. •Review of studies on hydrogen-enriched natural gas blends.•Power-to-Gas concept and motivation for hydrogen injection into the gas grid.•Effects of hydrogen in gas pipelines and hydrogen embrittlement issues.•Analysis of effects on end use devices and discussion of safety issues.•Economics aspects and price of hydrogen-methane blends.