Cold temperature effects on the impact behaviour of glued-laminated timber beams

• Published in: International journal of impact engineering 2025-01, Vol.195, p.105135, Article 105135
• Main Authors: Wight, Nicole, Viau, Christian, Heffernan, Patrick
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Cold; Flexure; Glulam; Impact; Increase; Northern; Single-degree-of-freedom; Timber; Wood
• ISSN: 0734-743X
• DOI: 10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2024.105135

•Glulam beams were tested statically and dynamically at ambient and cold temperature.•Two of the seven static specimens failed in shear due to lack of finger joints.•Increases in the modulus of elasticity were observed at cold temperatures.•No interaction effects are detected between loading regime and temperature.•A relationship between dynamic increase factor and strain-rate was observed. Engineered wood products, such as glued-laminated timber (glulam), have been and are continuously being utilized in the construction of tall timber buildings and notable landmark bridges. This infrastructure, particularly the latter, may be exposed to hazardous impact loads throughout their service life. As little research has been conducted on the impact behaviour of glulam beams under cold temperature conditions, there is a need to investigate the potential effects of impact loading on glulam structural elements at cold temperatures. This paper presents an experimental investigation aimed at understanding the effects of cold temperatures on the impact behaviour of glulam timber beams. Fifteen glulam beams were tested under quasi-static and impact loading, under ambient and cold temperatures. Drop weight impact testing was performed to simulate dynamic loading conditions similar to those experienced in real-world scenarios. The results indicate that both the loading regime and cold temperatures have a significant influence on the strength and stiffness of glulam beams, whereby statistically significant increases in the moduli of rupture and elasticity were observed, however, no interaction between the two variables occurred. A single-degree-of-freedom (SDOF) model was developed and validated using the experimental test results and found to provide good accuracy.