Synergistic antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of essential oils of some selected medicinal plants in combination and with synthetic compounds

• Published in: Industrial crops and products 2020-10, Vol.154, p.112569, Article 112569
• Main Authors: Sharma, Kanika, Guleria, Sanjay, Razdan, Vijay K., Babu, Vikash
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl; antibacterial properties; antibiotics; Antimicrobial activity; Antioxidant activity; Bacillus subtilis; bacteria; Callistemon citrinus; Cymbopogon flexuosus; Cymbopogon winterianus; Escherichia coli; Essential oils; food preservatives; free radical scavengers; Klebsiella pneumoniae; medicinal plants; Mentha longifolia; Micrococcus luteus; Ocimum gratissimum; Staphylococcus aureus; Synergism; Vitex negundo
• ISSN: 0926-6690; 1872-633X
• DOI: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2020.112569

•Chemical composition, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of essential oils were investigated.•Antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of different combinations of essentials were studied.•Essential oils resulted in significant reduction of active doses of synthetic compounds due to synergy. Regardless of the well-known antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of essential oils, requirement of their large doses is the major bottleneck in using them as food preservatives. In the present study, possible synergistic interactions on antioxidant and antibacterial capacity of essential oils from six selected medicinal plants namely Callistemon lanceolatus (Sm.) Sweet, Ocimum gratissimum L., Cymbopogon winterianus Jowitt ex Bor. (Citronella java), Cymbopogon flexuosus (Nees ex Steud.) W. Watson, Mentha longifolia (L.) L., and Vitex negundo L., in combination as well as with synthetic antioxidant and antibiotics were evaluated. Antibacterial synergistic effect was determined against three Gram positive (Staphylococcus aureus, Micrococcus luteus and Bacillus subtilis) and two Gram negative (Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae) bacteria using broth dilution method. Antioxidant combination effect was evaluated by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging method. The types of interactions in different binary combinations were determined by calculating the fractional inhibitory concentration indexes (FICI). Synergistic interactions were observed between essential oil combinations showing enhanced antioxidant and antibacterial activity. Further it was observed that essential oils not only enhanced the antioxidant and antibacterial efficacy of synthetic compounds but also resulted in significant reduction of their active doses due to synergy.