Optimization of sonohydrodistillation and microwave assisted hydrodistillation by response surface methodology for extraction of essential oils from Cinnamomum cassia barks

• Published in: Industrial crops and products 2023-02, Vol.192, p.115995, Article 115995
• Main Authors: Benmoussa, Hasnia, Béchohra, Imane, He, Shudong, Elfalleh, Walid, Chawech, Rachid
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Cinnamomum cassia barks; Essential oil; Microwave assisted hydrodistillation; Optimization; Sonoydrodistillation
• ISSN: 0926-6690; 1872-633X
• DOI: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2022.115995

Currently, regarding essential oil (EO) field, green effective extraction technologies have emerged as solutions to drawbacks of classical extraction approaches. In this paper, the process optimization by the face centered central composite design (FCCCD) using the response surface methodology (RSM) was firstly applied to extract the Cinnamomum cassia essential oil by the sonohydrodistillation (SHD) and the microwave assisted hydrodistillation (MAHD). The SHD and the MAHD were compared with the hydrodistillation (HD) in terms of kinetic, quality and quantity of obtained EO, energy consumption, and environmental impact. Results showed that, optimized operating conditions were liquid-solid ratio of 12 mL/g, sonication time of 30 min, and extraction time of 62.20 min for SHD, while liquid-solid ratio of 2.903 mL/g, microwave power of 403.2 W, and extraction time of 30.27 min for MAHD. Meanwhile, efficient extraction of EO was obtained by using MAHD (2.72 ± 0.04%) compared with SHD (2.70 ± 0.07%) and HD (2.67 ± 0.05%), with shorter kinetic time (30 min versus 90 and 180 min with SHD and HD, respectively) and lower energy intensiveness, CO2 footprints, and wastewater. Using gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis, MAHD and SHD exhibited more valuable EO with higher percentage of oxygenated compounds compared with HD. Micromorphological study and extraction mechanism were assessed by scanning electron micrograph (SEM) as additional proof to prove that MAHD was more effective than SHD and HD to extract Cinnamomum cassia EO. Therefore, MAHD represented an ecofriendly and a sustainable alternative technology for a speed green extraction of EOs from medicinal and aromatic plants (MAPs). [Display omitted] •Essential oils were extracted from Cinnamomum cassia barks by novel (sonohydrodistillation and microwave assisted hydrodistillation) and classical (hydrodistillation) extraction techniques.•Sonohydrodistillation and microwave assisted hydrodistillation operating conditions were optimized using response surface methodology with face centered central composite design.•Optimum operating conditions for sonohydrodistillation and microwave assisted hydrodistillation were achieved.•Microwave assisted hydrodistillation method proved many advantages than sonohydrodistillation and hydrodistillation methods (rapid kinetic, best quality of Cinnamomum cassia essential oil, less energy consumption and lower waste water).