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A review on luminescence based metal ion sensing efficacy of graphitic carbon nitride nanostructures
Environmental pollution is one of the major problems of the modern world. In India as well as throughout the world, a large amount of water pollution emanates mainly from different heavy metals like Pb, Hg, As, and transition metals like Cu, Fe. Ni or other. These types of heavy metals are the reaso...
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Published in: | Journal of alloys and compounds 2023-10, Vol.960, p.170689, Article 170689 |
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Main Authors: | , , , |
Format: | Article |
Language: | English |
Subjects: | |
Citations: | Items that this one cites |
Online Access: | Get full text |
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Summary: | Environmental pollution is one of the major problems of the modern world. In India as well as throughout the world, a large amount of water pollution emanates mainly from different heavy metals like Pb, Hg, As, and transition metals like Cu, Fe. Ni or other. These types of heavy metals are the reason for acute illnesses such as brain damage, tremors, kidney failure, vision impairment, deafness, and loss of muscle coordination or sensation. Thus it is necessary to find ways and means to know the presence of such harmful metal ions in water through a simple process using cheap materials in order to take proper precautions before using the water. This necessitates the development of a good metal sensor that will detect the presence of metals with high selectivity and sensitivity. Not only that, even after sensing the material, it can further convert it to a readable output. The output may differ, including changing electrical resistance, piezoelectricity development, luminescence efficiency, etc. Thus a good metal sensor is one of the most effective tools to detect water pollution and thus prevent the issue.
From this point of view, Graphitic carbon nitride (g-CN) may be one of the best solutions. g-CN is one of the most promising optical materials that shows a 2-dimensional and planer structure and shows remarkable stability in ambient conditions. Apart from being a fascinating optoelectronic material, the material is also environmentally friendly, non-toxic and helps sense and remove several toxic heavy metals and textile dyes.
This article discusses the basic properties of g-CN revisiting and a few important techniques as reported by other workers, for synthesizing different g-CN nanostructures. Most importantly, the article reviews the performances of different g-CN structures as a sensor of different heavy metals like mercury, lead, arsenic, or transition metals like iron, copper, nickel, chromium, etc., with the material's luminescence properties as a probe. In this context, the results of the author’s lab have been revisited as well as the reports of other workers have also been reviewed. This detailed review will help the associated community in several ways.
The discussion has shown that different g-CN nanostructures may act as an efficient metal sensor from wastewater and thus can act as a potential candidate for water purification with its further advantages regarding a simple, cost-effective and high-yield synthesis process. |
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ISSN: | 0925-8388 1873-4669 |
DOI: | 10.1016/j.jallcom.2023.170689 |