Provenance groups in a Roman jet jewelry collection at Aquincum (Budapest, Hungary) and comparison with jet and jet-like gemstones

•A collection of Roman Age jet-like jewelry from the Aquincum Museum, Budapest, and a Copper Age jet-like bead from Balatonlelle (W. Hungary) were studied along with jet samples from Yorkshire (UK), Asturias (Spain) and Oltu (Turkey).•The combined application of Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrosco...

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Published in:Journal of archaeological science, reports reports, 2024-04, Vol.54, p.104413, Article 104413
Main Authors: Demény, Attila, Bondár, Mária, Karlik, Máté, Hegyi, István, Gábor Hatvani, István, Facsády, Annamária R., Csontos, Katalin, Gugora, Ariana, Kara-Gülbay, Reyhan, Carlos García-Ramos, Jose, Caldwell Steele, Sarah
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy
Hungary
Jet
Jewelry
Roman period
Stable carbon isotope compositions
Stable hydrogen isotope composition
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Summary:•A collection of Roman Age jet-like jewelry from the Aquincum Museum, Budapest, and a Copper Age jet-like bead from Balatonlelle (W. Hungary) were studied along with jet samples from Yorkshire (UK), Asturias (Spain) and Oltu (Turkey).•The combined application of Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy and stable isotope analyses as well as correlation-based cluster analysis revealed groups with similarities to the Yorkshire jet and to the Copper Age jet-like bead.•The study shows potential provenance methods for jets and jet-like gemstones and call attention to future provenance analyses of jet-like gemstone jewelry. Jet and jet-like gemstones are found in graves from the Neolithic, but they became particularly popular during the Bronze Age and the Roman period. To discover their provenance, several techniques were used to determine distinctions between organic materials and occurrences. The present study utilized a combination of Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopic (FTIR) and stable isotope ratio analyses to compare a unique Copper Age black bead („Lelle bead”) with Roman period jet items from the Aquincum Museum’s collection and known jet samples from various locations (UK, Spain, Turkey). Visual and multivariate statistical analyses of FTIR spectra, combined with H%, C%, and stable hydrogen and carbon isotope ratio determinations enabled us to distinguish significant (p 
ISSN:2352-409X
DOI:10.1016/j.jasrep.2024.104413