Solvent-free mechanochemical polymerization of urea-succinic acid and urea-succinic acid-glycerol mixtures

Copolymers of urea and succinic acid (U/SA) and urea, succinic acid and glycerol (U/SA/GLY) were prepared through green mechanochemical reactions, without the use of solvents. A planetary ball mill was used for the polymerization operation and the effects of some of the polymerization conditions wer...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of cleaner production 2019-11, Vol.238, p.117742, Article 117742
Main Authors: Landim, Lucas B., Miranda, Eval O., de Araújo, Nicolis A., Pinto, José Carlos, Cabral-Albuquerque, Elaine C.M., Cunha, Silvio, Fialho, Rosana L.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Biodegradable polymers
Cleaner production
Coatings
Mechanochemical polymerization
Planetary ball mill
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Summary:Copolymers of urea and succinic acid (U/SA) and urea, succinic acid and glycerol (U/SA/GLY) were prepared through green mechanochemical reactions, without the use of solvents. A planetary ball mill was used for the polymerization operation and the effects of some of the polymerization conditions were investigated. The obtained samples were analyzed by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR/ATR), Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (IES-EM), Matrix- Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization Process (MALDI TOF), Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (1H NMR and 13C NMR), Thermal Gravimetric Analysis (TGA) and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), in order to study the structural, chemical and thermal properties of the obtained products. The results confirmed the occurrence of mechanochemical polymerizations of urea and succinic acid and of urea, succinic acid and glycerol. A relatively high yield of 83% (U/SA) and 75% (U/SA/GLY) and maximum degradation temperature of 290 °C were achieved using this novel solid copolymerization method. The method proved to be versatile, convenient and suitable for green and sustainable production of polymer materials, in particular for the coating of urea granules. •A greener and cleaner method for the production of copolymers of urea was developed.•The method of synthesis of urea copolymers proved to be clean and convenient.•The synthesized copolymers presented good thermal stability.•The effects of ball mill time and copolymerization conditions were studied systematically.
ISSN:0959-6526
1879-1786
DOI:10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.117742