Effects of wastewater reuse on perceived health risks of farmers in Pakistan: Application of the Zero-Inflated Poisson regression model

Not only is the reuse of wastewater, particularly for irrigation purposes, an increasingly common practice in developing countries, it is also encouraged by many governments and official entities. Although exposure to wastewater has noteworthy hazardous effects on human health and the environment, t...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of cleaner production 2022-10, Vol.369, p.133430, Article 133430
Main Authors: Mehmood, Yasir, Arshad, Muhammad, Kächele, Harald
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Awareness
Hazardous effect
Sustainable development
Vegetable production
Wastewater
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Summary:Not only is the reuse of wastewater, particularly for irrigation purposes, an increasingly common practice in developing countries, it is also encouraged by many governments and official entities. Although exposure to wastewater has noteworthy hazardous effects on human health and the environment, this is poorly understood by farmers who reuse wastewater for crop production. Using household-level survey data of 321 respondents, this study investigates the effects of wastewater reuse on farmers' perceived health risks and the determinants of farmers' reuse of wastewater for vegetable production in Punjab, Pakistan. A Zero-Inflated Poisson (ZIP) regression model shows that wastewater irrigation has a significant positive effect (P 
ISSN:0959-6526
1879-1786
DOI:10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.133430