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A global view of oat immunogenicity for celiac disease, from genes to cellular response

Celiac disease is an autoimmune disease triggered by the ingestion of gluten proteins and manifested in the small intestine. Celiac patients must keep a strict gluten-free diet. Although pure oats technically fulfil the criteria set for gluten-free products, the safety of oats in general or of disti...

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Published in:Journal of cereal science 2024-09, Vol.119, p.103994, Article 103994
Main Authors: Huang, Xin, Lindfors, Katri, Tanskanen, Jaakko, Kaukinen, Katri, Kaunisto, Helka, Kurki, Alma, Saavalainen, Päivi, Tanhuanpää, Pirjo, Tenhola-Roininen, Teija, Schulman, Alan H., Sontag-Strohm, Tuula, Viitala, Sirja
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container_title Journal of cereal science
container_volume 119
creator Huang, Xin
Lindfors, Katri
Tanskanen, Jaakko
Kaukinen, Katri
Kaunisto, Helka
Kurki, Alma
Saavalainen, Päivi
Tanhuanpää, Pirjo
Tenhola-Roininen, Teija
Schulman, Alan H.
Sontag-Strohm, Tuula
Viitala, Sirja
description Celiac disease is an autoimmune disease triggered by the ingestion of gluten proteins and manifested in the small intestine. Celiac patients must keep a strict gluten-free diet. Although pure oats technically fulfil the criteria set for gluten-free products, the safety of oats in general or of distinct cultivars has been questioned. In this study we investigated 23 oat cultivars and lines that are commercially relevant, or have been suggested to induce adverse activity, or both. The oat seeds were investigated systematically for celiac epitope gene expression by RNA sequencing, peptide detection and quantification by mass spectrometry, and patient-derived T-cell activation to increase the knowledge on their risks. The RNA expression data showed three known avenin-specific T-cell epitopes to be expressed in low abundance in all cultivars with some degree of variation. Two of the three epitopes were also detectable in comparable amounts at the protein level in all cultivars, but their amounts were quite low, together averaging 2.6 mg/kg. Avenin preparations did not induce comprehensive IFN-γ secretion in celiac patients' peripheral blood cells. Any particularly ‘toxic’ cultivar and all commercial oat cultivars presented generally very low abundances of celiac epitopes on both gene and protein levels and are considered safe for consumption. [Display omitted] •The oat seeds were investigated systematically at RNA, protein and T-cells levels.•Three avenin-specific T-cells epitopes were in low abundance by RNA expression.•Two of three epitopes were quantified and averaged 2.6 mg/kg of all cultivars.•Avenin preparates did not induce secretion in CD patient peripheral blood cells.
doi_str_mv 10.1016/j.jcs.2024.103994
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title A global view of oat immunogenicity for celiac disease, from genes to cellular response
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