Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin mediated nanocomposite for sustained release of phenothiazine: Microwave synthesis and optimization through experimental design

• Published in: Journal of drug delivery science and technology 2023-10, Vol.88, p.104925, Article 104925
• Main Authors: Vaid, Vasudha, Jindal, Rajeev
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: (hydroxypropyl)-β-cyclodextrin; Inclusion complexes; Nanocomposite; Phenothiazine; Sustained release
• ISSN: 1773-2247
• DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2023.104925

In the present study, pH-sensitive nanocomposite based on montmorillonite (mmt) incorporated in kappa carrageenan (kcg) and tamarind kernel powder (tkp) hydrogel was synthesized with the aid of microwave irradiation and investigated for sustained drug release application using the phenothiazine (PTZ) as a model drug. The maximal swelling percentage was found to be 3450% by using experimental design; Response surface methodology (RSM) software to optimize the nanocomposite. The properties of the nanocomposite were investigated using the XRD, FESEM, and FTIR techniques. To improve the solubility of PTZ, we prepared PTZ and Hp-β-CD (guest-host) solid inclusion complexes (ICs) by kneading method (KM), and microwave method (MW), and a phase solubility study was conducted. To validate the synthesis of ICs as real ICs, DSC, SEM, XRD, 1H NMR, and 2D NMR ROESY were utilized. In vitro drug release was performed using different pHs of 2, 7, and 7.4 by directly loading of ICs into kcg/mmt/tkp nanocomposite. The nanocomposite with MW (ICs) loaded showed a sustained drug release of 92.3 ppm (pH = 2), 95 ppm (pH = 7), and 97.2 ppm (pH = 7.4) in 27 h. Furthermore, the drug release kinetics followed Korsmeyer Peppas and Peppas Sahlin kinetics with the highest R2 value. From the Peppas Sahlin equation, the drug release showing the relaxation mechanism dominates over the diffusion mechanism. The findings indicate the kcg/mmt/tkp nanocomposite has a high potential for use in a sustained drug delivery system. [Display omitted]