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Recent advances in the formulation strategy to improve iron bioavailability: A review

Iron deficiency anaemia (IDA) is a serious global health risk. Conventional oral iron preparations often contain ferrous salts, which have low bioavailability (10–15%) and need frequent doses, which might cause gastrointestinal (GI) distress and prompt a patient to stop taking the medication. Formul...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of drug delivery science and technology 2024-05, Vol.95, p.105633, Article 105633
Main Authors: Rout, Sudhanshu Ranjan, Pradhan, Deepak, Haldar, Jitu, Rajwar, Tushar Kanti, Dash, Priyanka, Dash, Chandan, Rai, Vineet Kumar, Kar, Biswakanth, Ghosh, Goutam, Rath, Goutam
Format: Article
Language:English
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Summary:Iron deficiency anaemia (IDA) is a serious global health risk. Conventional oral iron preparations often contain ferrous salts, which have low bioavailability (10–15%) and need frequent doses, which might cause gastrointestinal (GI) distress and prompt a patient to stop taking the medication. Formulation approaches, route of administration and chemical state of iron play a key role in determining the bioavailability and toxicity of iron preparations. Recent formulation strategies like liposome, inorganic nanomaterials, hydrogel, etc., appear to be safe and productive alternatives to improve iron bioavailability because of their unique abilities to overcome pharmaceutical and biological barriers. In this review, we discuss factors affecting iron bioavailability and the formulation approaches being investigated to yield better outcomes than traditional iron supplements. Additionally, we discussed the oral route of administration and the challenges related to each delivery platform to help formulation developers select an appropriate delivery vehicle to combat iron deficiency health issues. [Display omitted] •Iron deficiency is a leading cause of several health issues.•Low permeability, premature oxidation and dietary interactions are key reasons for poor iron bioavailability.•Encapsulation and sustained release formulations exhibit better iron bioavailability than their traditional counterpart.•The safety and stability of novel iron preparations continue to pose a substantial obstacle in their clinical translation.
ISSN:1773-2247
DOI:10.1016/j.jddst.2024.105633