Facile green synthesis of Ag/AgCl nanoparticles derived from Chara algae extract and evaluating their antibacterial activity and synergistic effect with antibiotics

• Published in: Journal of environmental chemical engineering 2021-08, Vol.9 (4), p.105359, Article 105359
• Main Authors: Hassan, Khalil T., Ibraheem, Ibraheem J., Hassan, Omar M., Obaid, A.S., Ali, Hameed Hussein, Salih, Thaer Abdulqader, Kadhim, Mohammed S.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Antibacterial activity; Chara vulgaris algae; Green synthesis; Silver/silver chloride nanoparticles (Ag/AgCl NPs)
• ISSN: 2213-3437; 2213-3437
• DOI: 10.1016/j.jece.2021.105359

Here, we present a pathway for the green synthesis of Ag/AgCl nanoparticles derived from freshwater Chara vulgaris algae. The formation of Ag/AgCl NPs is confirmed by XRD, UV–Vis spectroscopy, and SEM techniques. The volume with an aqueous extract of Chara vulgaris: AgNO3 ratio 3:1 possessed optimal synthesised Ag/AgCl NPs. A plasmon absorbance peak, at 395 nm was observed in the UV–vis spectrum. XRD patterns confirmed the highly crystalline FCC structure of Ag/AgCl NPs. SEM imaging of Ag/AgCl NPs indicated nanoparticles of size 16.99 ± 0.3 nm. The antibacterial activity of Ag/AgCl NPs was evaluated against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Combining Ag/AgCl NPs with antibiotics causes growth inhibition of both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The fractional inhibitory concentration index (FICI) is used to evaluate the synergistic antimicrobial effect of combining nanoparticles with antibiotics. The combinations of Ag/AgCl NPs with Gentamicin, Erythromycin and Vancomycin show a partial synergistic activity against E. coli, K. pneumoniae and P. aeruginosa, respectively. The combination of Ag/AgCl NPs with antibiotics could potentially prohibit the development of resistant bacteria against antibiotics. [Display omitted] •Silver and silver chloride nanoparticles were biosynthesised using Chara algae extract.•The antibacterial activity was evaluated against the isolated pathogenic bacteria.•The synergistic effect of combined nanoparticles with selected antibiotics was investigated.