Authentication of organically produced cow milk by fatty acid profile combined with chemometrics: A case study in China

Nowadays, organic dairy products are gaining in popularity because of the increasing consumer awareness of food quality and safety. The premium price of organic milk (OM) results in frequent milk adulteration, causing global concern. Hence, there is a growing interest in analytical methods for asses...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of food composition and analysis 2023-07, Vol.120, p.105297, Article 105297
Main Authors: Hou, Haiyue, Tang, Yan, Zhao, Junjie, Debrah, Augustine Atta, Shen, Zhengchao, Li, Chunfang, Du, Zhenxia
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adulteration
Authentication
Chemometrics
Fatty acids
HCA
OPLS-DA
Organic milk
PCA
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Summary:Nowadays, organic dairy products are gaining in popularity because of the increasing consumer awareness of food quality and safety. The premium price of organic milk (OM) results in frequent milk adulteration, causing global concern. Hence, there is a growing interest in analytical methods for assessing the authenticity of OM. Here, we investigated the use of fatty acid (FA) profile combined with chemometric approaches to verify OM authenticity at the farm and retail levels. A total of 47 FAs in 119 cow milk samples (80 raw milk and 39 retail milk) were detected and quantified by GC–MS/FID. Results indicate that OM contains a distinct and more healthy FA profile at both farm and retail levels. Orthogonal partial least square discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) models based on FA were developed to verify OM and provided good quality (R2X = 0.828, Q2 = 0.716 for raw milk and R2X = 0.657, Q2 = 0.704 for retail milk). The models built on raw and retail milk showed high accuracy at 94.6% and 97.4%. C18:1 n–6c and C18:2 n–6c were identified as the critical markers of the organic farm and retail milk. This study provides a reliable approach for preventing fraud of OM. [Display omitted] •A comprehensive FA profile in organic & convention milk was analyzed by GC–MS/FID.•Organic milk authentication of five regions & three climate zones was determined.•OPLS-DA models were created to verify organic milk with a high accuracy above 95%.•C18:1 n–6c and C18:2 n–6c are the key markers of the organic farm and retail milk.
ISSN:0889-1575
1096-0481
DOI:10.1016/j.jfca.2023.105297