Cadmium, chromium, nickel and lead content of fish and vegetables from selected dams in Osun State, Nigeria

Potentially Toxic Elements (PTEs) in foods are a threat to global health. This study investigated concentrations of selected PTEs; cadmium, chromium, nickel and lead in fish and cultivated vegetables from and along the dams, respectively. Totally, 84 samples; 60 Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), 12 O...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of food composition and analysis 2023-12, Vol.124, p.105687, Article 105687
Main Authors: Ishola, Abdul D., Ogunlaja, Olumuyiwa O., Arojojoye, Oluwatosin A., Nwaechefu, Olajumoke O., Ogunlaja, Aemere
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Dams
Edible vegetables
Fish
Health Risk
Multivariate Analysis
Trace metals
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Summary:Potentially Toxic Elements (PTEs) in foods are a threat to global health. This study investigated concentrations of selected PTEs; cadmium, chromium, nickel and lead in fish and cultivated vegetables from and along the dams, respectively. Totally, 84 samples; 60 Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), 12 Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) and 12 Bitter leaf (Vernonia amygdalina) obtained from six dams in Southwestern Nigeria were digested using aqua-regia. Elemental quantification with Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer and validation via recovery test (97.1–100%), linearity (R2 ≥ 0.997) and limit of detection (LOD) (0.01–0.18 mg kg-1) were done. The PTEs concentrations in the two vegetables did not maximum exceed the permissible levels, except for Pb. In fish samples, PTEs concentrations were > maximum permissible levels and ranged from 1.18 to 2.31, 3.15–3.92, 0.41–14.2 and 2.36–3.73 mg kg-1 for Cr, Ni, Cd and Pb respectively. Human health risk assessment revealed the Estimated Daily Intake (EDI) values for consumption of Tilapia by children for Pb and Cd were > Tolerable Daily Intake (TDI) while for adults, higher EDI values were for Pb. Conclusively, non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic assessment results reveal that consumption of tilapia, okra and bitter leaf from these dams is not safe. •Potentially toxic elements in fish exceeded the maximum permissible levels by WHO.•Estimated Daily Intake for Pb and Cd was higher than the Tolerable Daily Intake.•In adults, higher Estimated Daily Intake (EDI) values were correlated only to Pb.•Tilapia, okra and bitter leaf from these Dams are not safe for consumption.
ISSN:0889-1575
1096-0481
DOI:10.1016/j.jfca.2023.105687