Characterization of key aroma-active compounds in fresh and vacuum freeze-drying mulberry by molecular sensory science methods

• Published in: Journal of food composition and analysis 2024-09, Vol.133, p.106387, Article 106387
• Main Authors: Shi, Chunhe, Yang, Fan, Yan, Lichang, Wu, Jihong, Bi, Shuang, Liu, Ye
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Aroma extract dilution analysis (AEDA); Aroma-active compounds; GC×GC–O–TOF-MS; Mulberry; Odor activity value (OAV); Vacuum freeze drying
• ISSN: 0889-1575; 1096-0481
• DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2024.106387

Mulberry is prone to rapid deterioration, but its quality can be maintained through vacuum freeze-drying. In this study, the aroma compositions of fresh mulberry (FM) and vacuum freeze-dried mulberry (VFDM) were analyzed through headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) and solvent-assisted flavor evaporation (SAFE) coupled with GC×GC–O–TOF-MS. A total of 232 volatiles were detected in FM and VFDM, and the content of volatile compounds in VFDM decreased by at least 21.37 % after drying compared to FM. Additionally, 51 and 50 aroma-active compounds were detected in FM and VFDM, respectively, with 13 aroma-active compounds being identified in FM initially. Based on the aroma extraction dilution analysis (AEDA) results, 14 compounds with high flavor dilution (FD) factors were accurately quantified by GC–MS. The calculated odor activity value (OAV) showed that a total of 12 compounds significantly contributed to the aroma of mulberry. Finally, aroma recombination and omission experimental results showed that (E,Z)-2,6-nonadienal, β-ionone, hexanal, and (E)-2-nonenal were the key aroma-active compounds in FM, whereas (E,Z)-2,6-nonadienal, β-ionone, (E)-2-nonenal, eugenol and ethyl isovalerate were the key aroma-active compounds in VFDM. [Display omitted] ●Aromas in FM and VFDM were compared by GC×GC–O–TOF-MS.●13 volatile compounds were identified firstly in FM.●51 and 50 compounds were sniffed in FM and VFDM by GC×GC–O–TOF-MS.●The aroma of FM and VFDM was reconstituted and restored.