A comprehensive review on the pretreatment and detection methods of fluoroquinolones in food and environment

• Published in: Journal of food composition and analysis 2025-01, p.107179, Article 107179
• Main Authors: Suryoprabowo, Steven, Nasyiruddin, Riya Liuhartana, Wang, Zhongxing, Hendriko, Albert, Tristanto, Nerissa Arviana
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Detection technology; Fluoroquinolones; Residue status; Sample preparation
• ISSN: 0889-1575
• DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2024.107179

The current status and challenges in monitoring antibiotic residues in animal-derived foods, with a specific emphasis on detection methodologies and fluoroquinolones (FQs), remain a critical concern. In 2006, the European Union prohibited the use of antibiotics as growth promoters to combat the rise of antibiotic resistance. Despite this, FQs are still widely employed and can accumulate in both food and the environment, creating potential health hazards. There is an urgent demand for rapid, sensitive, and cost-efficient methods to detect FQs. This review examines recent advancements in pretreatment and detection methods for FQs, focusing on their application to complex samples. Pretreatment techniques such as solid-phase extraction, liquid-liquid extraction, and novel green approaches are evaluated for efficiency, environmental impact, and suitability. Detection technologies, including chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry, immunoassays, and biosensors, are discussed with an emphasis on sensitivity, specificity, and multi-residue analysis capabilities. Emerging trends, such as nanotechnology-enhanced sensors and portable devices, are highlighted for their potential in real-time monitoring. Challenges such as matrix complexity, method standardization, and regulatory compliance are critically assessed. This review underscores the need for interdisciplinary collaboration and harmonized frameworks to advance detection technologies, safeguard public health, and ensure environmental sustainability. •Monitoring Fluoroquinolones is crucial due to their use and health-ecosystem risks•Many countries have enforced strict maximum residue limits for fluoroquinolones.•Effective pretreatment ensures accurate fluoroquinolone analysis.•Diverse detection techniques are essential for food safety and environmental care