Nationwide reconnaissance of five parabens, triclosan, triclocarban and its transformation products in sewage sludge from China

[Display omitted] •Largest survey of antimicrobials (100 samples; 13 analytes) in Chinese sludge.•TCC and TCS concentrations were as high as 43.3 and 4.87 μg/g in Chinese sludge.•TCC metabolites and transformation products occur nationwide in Chinese plants.•Presence of TCC transformation products i...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of hazardous materials 2019-03, Vol.365, p.502-510
Main Authors: Chen, Jing, Meng, Xiang-zhou, Bergman, Ake, Halden, Rolf U.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Parabens
Sludge
Triclocarban
Triclosan
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Summary:[Display omitted] •Largest survey of antimicrobials (100 samples; 13 analytes) in Chinese sludge.•TCC and TCS concentrations were as high as 43.3 and 4.87 μg/g in Chinese sludge.•TCC metabolites and transformation products occur nationwide in Chinese plants.•Presence of TCC transformation products indicates TCC dechlorination in WWTPs.•64 tonnes of 13 contaminants are sequestered in Chinese sludge each year. China’s rapid growth of both population size and sanitation infrastructure have created a heightened need for responsible management of sewage sludge. We applied liquid chromatography in conjunction with isotope dilution tandem mass spectrometry to measure multiple endocrine disrupting antimicrobials and their transformation products in 100 sewage sludge samples collected across 21 Chinese provinces/districts. Occurrences (detection frequencies) and concentrations (ng/g dry weight) were as follows: triclosan (99%;
ISSN:0304-3894
1873-3336
DOI:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2018.11.021