Prioritizing selected PPCPs on the basis of environmental and toxicogenetic concerns: A toxicity estimation to confirmation approach

• Published in: Journal of hazardous materials 2019-12, Vol.380, p.120828, Article 120828
• Main Authors: Junaid, Muhammad, Wang, Yan, Hamid, Naima, Deng, Shun, Li, Wei-Guo, Pei, De-Sheng
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: cytotoxicity; Detoxification; Developmental toxicity; diclofenac; DNA damage; Ecological risks; environmental impact; HEK293T cells; hematopoiesis; ibuprofen; methylparaben; personal care products; pollutants; prioritization; risk; xylene; Zebrafish
• ISSN: 0304-3894; 1873-3336
• DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.120828

[Display omitted] •First study to employ toxicology testing in the 21 st century tools to rank PPCPs.•Musk xylene and diclofenac posed high ecological risks in the Yangtze River, China.•Musk xylene, diclofenac, and propyl paraben caused high toxicity both in vitro and in vivo.•Perturbations induced in the pi3k pathway in vitro and in detoxification pathway in vivo.•Musk xylene and diclofenac inhibited hepatogenesis and hematopoiesis in vivo. Pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs), the pollutants of emerging concerns, present potential risks to the ecological environment. This study focused on the prioritization of widely used selected PPCPs belonging to two categories:personal care products (PCPs) and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). We predicted the toxicogenetic endpoints of PPCPs and then confirmed them using experimental approaches. Our results revealed a significant similarity in the findings obtained through both approaches, indicating NSAIDs with relatively high environmental impacts and in vitro/vivo toxicity. Experimental approach revealed that musk xylene (MX) from PCPs and DIC from NSAIDs as individual chemicals of priority concern showed elevated environmental impacts and significantly induced pi3k-akt-mTOR in vitro. Similarly, propyl paraben (PP) from PCPs and diclofenac (DIC) from NSAIDs caused significant cytotoxicity and DNA damage in vitro. Moreover, PP and MX from the PCPs group and naproxen (NAP) and DIC from the NSAIDs group induced developmental toxicity and perturbations to phases I, II, and III detoxification pathways in vivo. In addition, MX and DIC as priority PPCPs inhibited hematopoiesis and hepatogenesis in vivo. Apart from the specific effects, PPCPs can be ranked as: MX > PP > methylparaben (MP) for PCPs, and DIC > NAP > ibuprofen (IBU) for NSAIDs, regarding their toxic and environmental concerns.