Reframing the crowding perception scale: Acquaintanceship and perceived risk as new dimensions

This study proposes a new scale for measuring crowding perceptions in a consumer environment. We used a qualitative study via the word evocation method and two more quantitative studies in which we applied exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses. Our research provides new insight and fills the...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of hospitality and tourism management 2023-12, Vol.57, p.260-269
Main Authors: Barboza, Izabelle Quezado, Souza, Elnivan Moreira de, Fuentes, Verónica Lidia Peñaloza, Moura, Heber José de, Souza, Lucas Lopes Ferreira de
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Crowding perception
Human density
Scale development
Spatial density
Words evocation
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Summary:This study proposes a new scale for measuring crowding perceptions in a consumer environment. We used a qualitative study via the word evocation method and two more quantitative studies in which we applied exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses. Our research provides new insight and fills the gaps observed in previous research: i) lag in the conceptualization approach, ii) adaptation to distinct sociocultural realities, iii) divergences of conceptualization, and iv) isolated application of only one construct. We identified acquaintanceship and perceived risk as new constructs and presented sentences of neutral content, allowing us to capture negative or positive perceptions. Our scale can be applied to service and retail contexts. The final model was formed based on the construct's acquaintanceship, high human density, perceived human risk, high spatial density, and perceived spatial risk.
ISSN:1447-6770
1447-6770
DOI:10.1016/j.jhtm.2023.10.011