Biomass-derived heteroatom-doped carbons: Unlocking the potential of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin co-pyrolysis with ammonium polyphosphate for high-performance supercapacitors

• Published in: Journal of industrial and engineering chemistry (Seoul, Korea) Korea), 2024-11
• Main Authors: Li, Junjie, Yu, Zhaosheng, Ma, Xiaoqian, Zhang, Xikui, Yue, Wenchang
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Ammonium polyphosphate; Cellulose; Heteroatom-doped porous carbon; Lignin; Supercapacitors; Xylan
• ISSN: 1226-086X
• DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2024.11.005

[Display omitted] •N-doped porous carbon was derived from cellulose, xylan and lignin.•Differences in cellulose, xylan, and lignin co-pyrolysis with APP were explored.•Excellent electrochemical performance was achieved using KHCO3 as activator.•The AC21 possessed a specific capacitance of 398 F/g at 0.5 A/g. Carbon materials were prepared via cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin co-pyrolysis with ammonium polyphosphate (APP) to scrutinize the influence of these biomass constituents on the materials’ electrochemical performance. During co-pyrolysis, the synergistic interaction between APP and the three components facilitated the doping of heteroatoms including nitrogen, oxygen, and phosphorus. APP with polymerization n > 1000 exhibited the best doping performance. The incorporation of KHCO3 effectively tailored the carbon materials into a hierarchically porous structure predominantly composed of micropores. The cellulose-derived carbon materials outperformed with a remarkable specific capacitance of 398 F/g at 0.5 A/g. Its exceptional electrochemical performance was credited to a notable N content of 3.73 % and a high specific surface area of 1851 m2/g. Our research underscored the potential of cellulose as a readily available and affordable feedstock for crafting carbon materials, suitable for the electrodes in high performance supercapacitors.