Binomial transform based fragile watermarking for image authentication

In this paper, a novel Binomial transform based fragile watermarking technique has been proposed for color image authentication. Binomial transform (BT) is applied to convert each 2 × 2 sub-image block into transform domain in row major order. On average, two bits of authenticating watermark are fab...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of information security and applications 2014-11, Vol.19 (4-5), p.272-281
Main Authors: Ghosal, S.K., Mandal, J.K.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Authentication
Binomial transform
Inverse Binomial transform
Payload
PSNR
Watermarking
Citations: Items that this one cites
Items that cite this one
Online Access:Get full text
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
Description
Summary:In this paper, a novel Binomial transform based fragile watermarking technique has been proposed for color image authentication. Binomial transform (BT) is applied to convert each 2 × 2 sub-image block into transform domain in row major order. On average, two bits of authenticating watermark are fabricated on each transformed component starting from the least significant bit position (LSB-0). Inverse Binomial transform (IBT) is performed as post-embedding operation to convert each 2 × 2 transformed block back into the spatial domain. A delicate re-adjustment is performed on the first embedded component to keep the pixel components positive and less than or equal to 255 keeping the fabricated watermark unaltered. The watermark is extracted at the recipient end based on the reverse operation and is verified for authentication using a message digest. Experimental result ensures that the proposed technique obtain higher Payload and Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR) as compared to existing methods.
ISSN:2214-2126
DOI:10.1016/j.jisa.2014.07.004