Experimental study of mixtures soil-industrial waste using simplex design for application in paving

• Published in: Journal of Building Engineering 2023-11, Vol.78, p.107761, Article 107761
• Main Authors: Rodrigues, Klaus Henrique de Paula, da Silva, Taciano Oliveira, Pitanga, Heraldo Nunes, Pedroti, Leonardo Gonçalves, Rodrigues, Mateus Henrique Ribeiro
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Design of experiments for mixtures; Electric arc furnace slag; Fly ash; Optimization of mixtures; Soil stabilization
• ISSN: 2352-7102; 2352-7102
• DOI: 10.1016/j.jobe.2023.107761

The large amount of solid waste generated by industry is a concern for society. A possible solution is to incorporate these wastes into soils to improve their properties and contribute to sustainable development. The objective of this research was to conduct an experimental study on the chemical stabilization of two samples of tropical soils using two industrial wastes, electric arc furnace slag (EAFS) and fly ash (FA), using a design of experiments (DoE) of mixtures in a simplex centroid network. Seven mixtures were determined from the DoE for each soil sample. Using specimens of these mixes prepared at optimum moisture content, after a curing period of 7 days in a humid chamber, the properties were evaluated: unconfined compressive strength (UCS), California Bearing Ratio (CBR), and resilient modulus (RM). An improvement in the evaluated mechanical properties was observed with the addition of waste, especially with the addition of EAFS. The statistical software Minitab 18 allowed to obtain response surfaces for each mechanical property studied as a function of the pseudo-components of the mixtures. To determine the proportion of components that optimized the soil-waste mixtures, the desirability function was used, which resulted in the proportions of 80% soil, 20% EAFS, and 0% FA for both soil samples. Based on SEM and XRD tests, it was found that calcium silicate hydrate (C–S–H), calcium aluminate silicate hydrate (C-A-S-H), and calcium aluminate hydrate (C-A-H) were formed, which were responsible for improving the mechanical strength. The use of industrial waste to stabilize tropical soils with low bearing capacity proved to be a technically and environmentally viable alternative. •The use of electric arc furnace slag contributes to sustainable development.•The increase in the EAFS content in soil-waste mixtures increased the UCS, the RM, and the CBR index.•The design of experiments for mixtures allowed the determination of the dosage that optimized the properties of interest.