Aqueous photo-degradation of Flupyradifurone (FPD) in presence of a natural Humic Acid (HA): A quantitative solution state NMR analysis

• Published in: Journal of photochemistry and photobiology. A, Chemistry. Chemistry., 2021-01, Vol.405, p.112986, Article 112986
• Main Authors: Chaubey, Bhawna, Narwal, Pooja, Khandelwal, Amitap, Pal, Samanwita
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Binding interaction; Flupyradifurone; Halogenated agrochemicals; Humic acid; Photo-degradation; Solution-state NMR
• ISSN: 1010-6030; 1873-2666
• DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2020.112986

[Display omitted] •NMR spectral changes depicted moiety―wise photo―degradation of aqueous flupyradifurone (FPD).•Karwar humic acid (KHA) reduces photo-degradation rate of FPD through light screening effect.•KHA superstructure encapsulates FPD by π-π interactions and Halogen bonding.•Group Epitope Map by STD NMR identified entry of FPD through chlorinated pyridine ring.•Association constant measured by diffusion NMR is greater for KHA―FPD than KHA―DFA (difluoroacetic acid). The present study aims to characterize the molecular interaction and photo-degradation behaviour of halogen (F and Cl) containing novel insecticide, flupyradifurone, (FPD) in the presence of humic acid (KHA), isolated from Karwar, western Rajasthan, India. Time-dependent photo-degradation kinetics of UV-exposed FPD is quantified in the absence and presence of KHA employing one dimensional 1H and 19F solution-state NMR. The pseudo first-order photo-degradation rate constant quantified for FPD showed a significant decrease in the presence of KHA. Interestingly, variable degradation rates are found from 1H and 19F NMR spectral changes indicating chemical moiety wise degradation of FPD. Further, NMR saturation transfer difference (STD), relaxation, and diffusion experiments have been employed for the complete evaluation of binding interactions of KHA with FPD and its major degradation product difluoroacetic acid (DFA). STD experiments revealed that FPD binds to KHA through the chlorinated pyridine ring while the –F containing moiety of FPD does not show any detectable interaction. Relevant kinetic parameters, namely association constants and Gibbs free energy of interaction are quantified at neutral pH conditions by diffusion experiments depicting a stronger and more spontaneous association of FPD with KHA (KA = 55.55 M−1) compared to that of DFA-KHA (KA = 10.90 M−1). Both FPD and DFA bind with KHA through weak non-covalent interaction indicating the encapsulation of these molecules within KHA hindering the photo-degradation process of FPD. Concomitantly, it is also envisaged that FPD will be more persistent in soil compared to DFA that may leach out to groundwater.