Volumetric and compositional estimation of the Choiyoi Magmatic Province and its comparison with other Silicic Large Igneous Provinces

• Published in: Journal of South American earth sciences 2020-11, Vol.103, p.102749, Article 102749
• Main Authors: Bastías-Mercado, Francisco, González, Javiera, Oliveros, Verónica
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Lithological evolution; Permian; Southwestern Gondwana; Subduction magmatism
• ISSN: 0895-9811; 1873-0647
• DOI: 10.1016/j.jsames.2020.102749

The Choiyoi Magmatic Province (ChMP) is a major feature of southern South America comprising volcanic and plutonic rocks from the Early Permian to the Early Triassic (286-247 Ma), prior to the Andean subduction. Its outcrops are exposed from northern Chile (~20°S) down to southwestern Argentina in Patagonia (~44°S), and from the Andean region to the foreland in southeastern Argentina. These rocks can be subdivided in three main regions: Andes, La Pampa Permian-Triassic Magmatic Corridor (CMPT-LP) and North Patagonia. Despite the three regions have similar lithological composition and timing, the deformation style and geochemical features of the CMPT-LP rocks suggest that they may represent an event of magmatism distinct from the Andes region. On the other hand, the rocks from North Patagonia and the Andes regions are considered to be part of the same geotectonic setting, the Orogenic Choiyoi, even though North Patagonia exhibits a more complex deformation pattern. A compilation of published ages and lithological data for all the units that compose the ChMP, allowed an estimation of its areal extent (909,250 km2), the volume of its volcanic products, and the compositional variation through time. The volcanic products of Choiyoi Magmatic Province (ChMP-V) are composed of 51% rhyolite, 26% dacite, 22% andesite and 1% basalts, but the early stages of the volcanism were dominated by andesitic products. The plutonic rocks make up the 25% of the total area of the ChMP and they are dominated by granites (~65%) and granodiorites (~30%), although the units representing the early stages of the ChMP are composed up to 60% of granodiorites, tonalites and diorites. It is thus evident that the Choiyoi magmatism, in its whole extension, transitioned from dominantly intermediate to more rhyolitic at its final stages. When considering the ChMP-V, their estimated volume (947,553 km3) and time span are akin to a Silicic Large Igneous Province (SLIP). However, their lithological composition through time and especially the large amount of intermediate rocks in the first stage of the ChMP-V differ from typical SLIPs, in which rhyolitic and bimodal (rhyolite-basalt) compositions dominate. The largest preserved silicic province identified so far, the Okhotsk-Chukotka Volcanic Belt (OCVB) in Siberia, has nonetheless a compositional pattern very similar to the ChMP-V with an early stage in which the magmatism was dominantly intermediate in composition (~47% of outcrops), followed by