Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in Indian environment: Prevalence, impacts and solutions

• Published in: Journal of water process engineering 2024-09, Vol.66, p.105988, Article 105988
• Main Authors: Koulini, G.V., Vinayagam, Vignesh, Nambi, Indumathi M., Krishna, R. Ravi
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Exposure pathway; Health impacts; India; Occurrence; PFAS
• ISSN: 2214-7144; 2214-7144
• DOI: 10.1016/j.jwpe.2024.105988

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) pose a significant and growing environmental challenge worldwide due to their remarkable persistence, widespread presence, and potential to adversely affect human health. This review offers a holistic investigation of current knowledge regarding PFAS in India. Existing research demonstrates the presence of PFAS in various environmental compartments, including water bodies, soil/sediment, atmosphere, and even wildlife. Furthermore, the review explores the potential ecological and human exposure pathways. Some of these pathways include consumption of contaminated drinking water, PFAS-laden food, and inhalation of dust particles containing PFAS. The potential health impacts on humans and biota are then elaborated, highlighting developmental problems, endocrine disruption, and even an increased risk of certain cancers. The findings strongly suggest that industrial activity, urbanization, and consumer product usage are significant contributors to environmental PFAS contamination. A critical gap identified within this review is the absence of established regulations for PFAS usage and disposal within the Indian environment. The review summarizes existing remediation techniques, providing a comprehensive strategy for managing PFAS in the Indian context. The implementation of stringent regulations governing PFAS production, use, and environmental discharge, coupled with the exploration of non-fluorinated alternatives, is imperative. Additionally, the deployment of advanced water treatment technologies specifically designed for PFAS removal and the fostering of collaborative research and development efforts are crucial steps towards mitigating PFAS contamination. In conclusion, this review emphasizes the urgent need for a multifaceted approach to manage PFAS in India. [Display omitted] •Industrial corridors as primary PFAS contamination hubs in India.•Multiple exposure pathways and adverse health effects including certain cancers.•Urgent need for comprehensive PFAS regulations.•PFAS-free substitutes and innovative remediation approaches – Need of the hour.