Short- and long-term effects of COVID-related kindergarten and school closures on first- to eighth-grade students’ school readiness skills and mathematics, reading and science learning

• Published in: Learning and instruction 2023-02, Vol.83, p.101706, Article 101706
• Main Authors: Molnár, Gyöngyvér, Hermann, Zoltán
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: K–8 students; Long-term learning loss; Remote learning; School readiness; Three main domains of education
• ISSN: 0959-4752; 1873-3263
• DOI: 10.1016/j.learninstruc.2022.101706

Remote learning during the COVID pandemic has led to short- and long-term consequences for students' learning. So far, data on learning loss in early schooling have been limited. In this paper, we evaluate the effect of remote learning on 1st graders' school readiness skills and 2nd–8th graders’ performance in mathematics, reading and science using rich data collected in Hungary before and during the pandemic (n ≈ 55,000). The results show that kindergarten children and 1st–4th-grade students were significantly negatively affected by COVID restrictions compared to their older peers. This difference was extremely large in schools with a high share of disadvantaged students. More specifically, 1st–4th-grade low-SES students made little or no progress while learning from home. •Remote learning led to short- and long-term consequences for students' learning.•Kindergartners and 1st graders lost the most in mathematics growth.•2nd–4th-grade students' learning loss was the greatest in reading growth.•Long-term learning loss was disproportionately greater among 2nd–4th-grade students.•2nd–4th-grade students came from low-SES schools made little or no progress.