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Theoretical precipitation modeling and multidimensional characterization of sulfide inclusions in tellurium-containing steels
This study investigates the precipitation characteristics of sulfide inclusions during the solidification of alloy steels under the combined influence of sulfur (S), manganese (Mn), and tellurium (Te). A multidimensional characterization and comparison of sulfide inclusions in Te-containing steels w...
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Published in: | Materials characterization 2024-12, Vol.218, p.114546, Article 114546 |
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Main Authors: | , , , , , , , |
Format: | Article |
Language: | English |
Subjects: | |
Citations: | Items that this one cites |
Online Access: | Get full text |
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Summary: | This study investigates the precipitation characteristics of sulfide inclusions during the solidification of alloy steels under the combined influence of sulfur (S), manganese (Mn), and tellurium (Te). A multidimensional characterization and comparison of sulfide inclusions in Te-containing steels with varying S content and cooling conditions were performed using X-ray Micro-CT, Raman spectroscopy, and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). Both 2D and 3D analyses confirmed that increasing the S content in Te-containing steels leads to a higher overall number of sulfide inclusions. In particular, the rise in the proportion of small-sized inclusions was analyzed from the perspectives of interfacial dynamics and equilibrium thermodynamics. Regarding inclusion morphology, 2D characterization exhibited significant inaccuracies in assessing large inclusions in high-S, Te-containing steels, while X-ray Micro-CT proved advantageous for evaluating both the spatial distribution and morphology of inclusions. In addition, X-ray Micro-CT was used for the first time in this study to perform a non-destructive analysis of the layered MnS-MnTe structure, expanding the method's application in the metallurgical field. A predictive model based on inter-element activity interaction coefficients was employed to determine the first-order activity interaction coefficient of Te for Mn. Furthermore, a thermodynamic model for sulfide precipitation in Te-containing steels was developed. This study lays a theoretical foundation for better control of sulfide inclusions in future Te-containing specialty steels.
•3D non-destructive structure of MnS-MnTe inclusions was presented by X-ray Micro CT in Te-containing steels.•Sulfur-induced increase in nucleation rate during MnS precipitation in Te-containing steels•An equilibrium thermodynamic model for MnS precipitation was developed for Te-containing steels. |
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ISSN: | 1044-5803 |
DOI: | 10.1016/j.matchar.2024.114546 |