Multi-organic dyes-immobilised zincite decorated silica-titania nanocomposite: A study on atomic site structural changes for pH sensor activity progression

• Published in: Materials research bulletin 2022-05, Vol.149, p.111730, Article 111730
• Main Authors: Alshoaibi, Adil, Islam, Shumaila
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Fibre-optic pH sensing; Indicator dyes; Silica-titania nanocomposite; Sol-gel method; Zinc oxide nanoparticles
• ISSN: 0025-5408; 1873-4227
• DOI: 10.1016/j.materresbull.2022.111730

•Dyes immobilized zincite decorated silica-titania is synthesized by sol-gel method.•Crack-free surface morphology is observed.•Thermal stability at high temperatures (560 °C) is reported.•The sensitivity is estimated 15.67 counts/pH with R2 ∼ 0.99.•High pKa ∼ 8 and rapid time response 0.13 s at pH 12 is observed. Zinc oxide (zincite) decorated silica-titania nanocomposite (ZST-NC) is synthesized by sol-gel method. For dynamic pH range and fast-response fibre-optic pH sensing characteristics, a blend of phenol red, bromophenol blue, phenolphthalein, and cresol red is immobilised in ZST-NC (D/ZST-NC). A fundamental analysis revealed that ZST-NC and D/ZST-NC had crack-free morphology and thermal stability at 560 °C. The ZST-NC exhibited a surface roughness (Ra) 0.4 nm, a crystallite size 5 nm, and a refractive index 1.48. The D/ZST-NC revealed a Ra 0.8 nm, a crystallite size 2 nm, and a refractive index 1.49. The sensitivity of the D/ZST-NC coated optic fibre is estimated to be 15.67 counts/pH at 440 nm, with a determination coefficient (R2) ∼99%. A high pKa ∼8 and a rapid response time 0.13 s at pH 12 are observed. The prepared pH sensor displays a reversible and non-leaching behaviour, which is advantageous for applied opto-chemical pH sensing purposes. [Display omitted]