Periodic ultrasound-assisted electrodeposition of Fe–Ni alloy foil

• Published in: Materials research bulletin 2022-06, Vol.150, p.111778, Article 111778
• Main Authors: Li, Anxin, Zhu, Zengwei, Xue, Ziming, Liu, Yapeng
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Electroforming; Fe–Ni alloy; Periodic ultrasound; Thermal expansion coefficient; Young's modulus
• ISSN: 0025-5408; 1873-4227
• DOI: 10.1016/j.materresbull.2022.111778

•In this work, periodic ultrasound was introduced into the electroforming process to electrodeposit fe–ni foil layers with high properties and low coefficient of thermal expansion that satisfied the requirements for avionics packaging. The periodic ultrasound was realized by a time relay. Ton represents the working time of the time relay, while toff is the off time. During Ton, the ultrasonic transducer and the power supply are simultaneously active. Under the action of an electric field force and ultrasonic waves, the metal cations in solution are rapidly deposited on the surface of the cathode. During Toff, the ultrasonic transducer is inactive, while the power supply continues to function. In this case, no ultrasound-assisted process is active on the surface of the cathode, and the metal cations in solution are deposited on the surface only under the action of the electric field. The infinite loop created by the ton and toff time relay enables intermittent ultrasound-assisted electrodeposition on the cathode surface.•Electrochemical analysis and morphological testing indicated that periodic ultrasonic can sufficiently weaken the stripping effect caused by continuous high-power ultrasonic treatment. Under periodic ultrasonic treatment, it is possible to apply both high current density and high ultrasonic power in the electroforming system. By adjusting the current density and the duty cycle, fe–ni deposits with coefficients of thermal expansion ranging from 2.96 to 6.71 × 10−6/°C were obtained. Compared to fe–ni alloys prepared via traditional electrodeposition methods, the fe–ni layers obtained in this study exhibit a larger range of CTE values and great improvements in other physical and mechanical properties. Periodic ultrasound was introduced into the electroforming process to electrodeposit Fe–Ni foil layers with high properties and low coefficient of thermal expansion that satisfied the requirements for avionics packaging. Electrochemical analysis and morphological testing indicated that periodic ultrasound can sufficiently weaken the stripping effect caused by continuous high-power ultrasonic treatment. Under periodic ultrasonic treatment, applying both high current density and high ultrasonic power in the electroforming system is possible. By adjusting the current density and the duty cycle, Fe–Ni deposits with coefficients of thermal expansion (CTEs) ranging from 2.96 to 6.71 × 10−6/ °C were obtained. Compared to Fe–Ni alloys prepared via tradit