Enhanced removal of acetaminophen from synthetic wastewater using multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) chemically modified with NaOH, HNO3/H2SO4, ozone, and/or chitosan

• Published in: Journal of molecular liquids 2018-02, Vol.251, p.369-377
• Main Authors: Yanyan, Lin, Kurniawan, Tonni Agustiono, Albadarin, Ahmad B., Walker, Gavin
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Endocrine disruptor; Nanomaterials; Pharmaceuticals and personal care product (PPCPs); Physico-chemical treatment; Water purification
• ISSN: 0167-7322; 1873-3166
• DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2017.12.051

This study investigates the technical feasibility of MWCNTs for acetaminophen (Ace) removal from synthetic wastewater in batch mode. To improve their removal performance, the surface of the MWCNTs was chemically modified with NaOH, HNO3/H2SO4, ozone and/or chitosan. The effects of pertinent parameters such as reaction time, dose, pH, and agitation speed on the Ace removal were evaluated. Their removal performance on Ace was compared to those of previous studies. The adsorption mechanisms of Ace removal by the MWCNTs are also presented. It is evident from this study that after chemical modification on its surface, the treated nano-adsorbent significantly enhanced Ace removal from wastewater. Among all types of those adsorbents, the ozone-treated MWCNT stands out for the highest Ace removal (95%) under the same initial Ace concentration of 10mg/L. Their adsorption capacities, applicable to the Freundlich isotherm model, are listed as: ozone-treated MWCNT (250mg/g)>chitosan-coated MWCNT (205mg/g)>acid-treated MWCNT (160mg/g)>NaOH-treated MWCNT (130mg/g)>as-received MWCNT (90mg/g). Although the ozone-treated MWCNT has the most outstanding performance in Ace removal, its treated effluent still could not meet the required effluent limit of less than 0.2mg/L set by China's legislation. This suggests that further treatment using biological processes needs to be carried out to complement Ace removal from the wastewater samples. [Display omitted] •Ace removal by MWCNT after surface modification with O3 was significantly enhanced.•Ozone-treated MWCNT had the highest Ace adsorption capacity under the same conditions.•The adsorption isotherms of all MWCNTs were applicable to the Freundlich model.